| 37216 | Yaulilahua-Huacho R., Sumarriva-Bustinza L.A., Gave-Chagua J.L., Huere-Peña J.L. & Garcia-Ticllacuri R. (2024): Líquenes epifitos como bioindicadores de contaminación del aire en la ciudad de Lircay, Perú [Epiphytic lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the city of Lircay, Peru]. - Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinaria, 8(2): 244–255. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistaalfa.v8i22.262. [in Spanish with English and Portuguese abstracts] Lichens are used as bioindicators to assess atmospheric quality, because they obtain most of their nutrients from the air, they are very sensitive to impurities present in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide. and heavy metals. With the objective of determining air quality according to the atmospheric purity index by sampling epiphytic lichens in the main green areas of the city of Lircay, based on their richness and diversity of lichens. The study was carried out in the city of Lircay, Huancavelica-Peru, in five areas (Pueblo Viejo, Pampa, Santa Rosa, Bellavista and Virgen del Carmen), which represents an urban area with few or no sources of air pollution. The biodiversity of epiphytic lichens (LE) was determined using the Shannon Wiener Index (ISW) and the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA) was obtained based on the number of LE species found. The identification of different LE species was carried out by constructing a grid on the tree trunk. A total of 4140 LE were found distributed in 27 species (The most abundant species was Cladoniicola irregularis, with 7.27%, followed by Arthonia microcarpa 5.97 %, Collema nigrescens 5.46%, Roccella caribaea 5.43% and Leptogium phyllocarpum 5.00 %.). In ISW of the biodiversity evaluated, 2.98-3.13 (medium and high) was found, the highest was in zone 1 (Old Town). On the other hand, in IPA a contamination was identified that ranges between 38.9-46.3, which can be considered moderate to transition. It is concluded, in the city of Lircay, a moderate variety of biodiversity has been observed, with a wide range of species. Regarding air quality, slight contamination is recorded, which indicates lower levels of pollution in the city. Key words: Air quality; Pollution; Epiphytic lichens; Shannon-Wiener index ISW; Atmospheric purity index IPA. | |||||
| 37215 | Álvarez Herrera A.D., Ordoñez Zapata P.A. & Soto Medina E. (2022): Determinación de la calidad del aire por medio de líquenes como bioindicadores en el área urbana del municipio de Tuluá, Valle del Cauca. - Revista de Ciencias, 24(2): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.25100/rc.v24i2.10528. Determination of air quality by Lichens as bioindicators in the urban area of Tuluá, Valle del Cauca. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] The level of air pollution in Tuluá - Valle del Cauca was assessed using lichenized fungi. Five local points were selected and named according to the vehicular and industrial contamination: high vehicular contamination, industrial contamination, transition, transition 2 (moderate vehicular flow), and bottom. At each point, nine phorophytes of Acacia rubinea were sampled, in which lichen species were collected and identified through the criterion of frequency and liquenic coverage in an area of 20 cm x 30 cm located at 1.3 m of height. Twenty-nine species with crusty and foliose morphology were found, the environmental purity index (EPI), and the environmental classification factor (EFC) were established. The lowest EPI was obtained in point five, corresponding to a high pollution level (14.5), followed by four (17.7), six (20.3), seven (30.7), and nine (30.9), classified as medium pollution. On the other hand, according to the EFC, all the submitted points were classified as maximum pollution. Finally, the research presents lichens as an alternative to monitoring air pollution in small cities that do not have the technology to monitor air quality. Keywords: lichens, bioindicators, air quality, atmospheric purity index, environmental classification factor. | |||||
| 37214 | Soto-Medina E., Días Escandón D. & Lozano J.D. (2021): Catálogo de líquenes de la Ciudad de Cali-Colombia. - Revista de Ciencias, 24(1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.25100/rc.v24i1.9214. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] Colombia has about 1674 species of lichens, being one of the countries with the greatest diversity of these organisms in the Neotropics. Despite the great effort of the Colombian Flora Catalog, there are no lists of the main cities of the country. This work is the first effort to show a preliminary list of lichenized fungal species from Cali, the third largest city in the country. This catalog has 208 species, 68 genera, and 30 families. Most lichen species were costrose (63%) and foliose (29%). This listing for Cali represents 13% of the current Colombian catalog. Keywords: lichenobiota; corticolous; diversity. | |||||
| 37213 | Soto-Medina E., Lücking R. & Bolaños R. A.C. (2012): Los géneros Coccocarpia (Ascomycota: Peltigerales) y Dictyonema en el Valle del Cauca (Colombia). - Revista de Ciencias, 16(1): 9–18. https://hdl.handle.net/10893/4414. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] In the Valle del Cauca, few studies have been devoted to the biology of lichens and the knowledge of the lichen diversity in the region is scarce. Lichens of the genera Coccocarpia and Dictyonema have been little studied and there are only very recent reports of four species (Coccocarpia erythroxyli, C. palmicola, Dictyonema glabratum, D. sericeum). In order to address the general lack of information regarding lichen diversity on a local scale, this study aimed at an inventory of the genera Coccocarpia and Dictyonema for the region. As a result, twelve new records for the Valle del Cauca are presented, two of which are also new records for Colombia. Ten species of Coccocarpia were found, seven of which are new records for the department (C. dissecta, C. domingensis, C. epiphylla, C. filiformis, C. pellita, C. prostrata and C. tenuissima) and one for Colombia (C. microphyllina). We found seven species of Dictyonema (D. glabratum, D. hernandezii, D. membranaceum, D. melvinii, D. phyllophilum, D. schenkianum, D. sericeum). We propose D. phyllophilum (Parmasto) Soto, Lücking & Bolaños as new combination. Dictyonema hernandezii is reported for Colombia for the first time, while D. membranaceum, D. melvinii, D. phyllophilum and D. sericeum f. schenckianum are new reports for Valle del Cauca. Keywords: Lichens, diversity, Coccocarpia, Dictyonema, Valle del Cauca. | |||||
| 37212 | Kubiak D. (2024): Problems and challenges of lichen inventory in a changing environment: The case of the “Mszar” and “Redykajny” reserves in Olsztyn. - Acta Mycologica, 59: 195528 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/195528. The paper presents the state of knowledge of the lichen biota of the “Mszar” and “Redykajny” nature reserves, located in the “Las Miejski” urban forest complex in Olsztyn (north-eastern Poland). The results of the inventory conducted in 2024 are described, which are compared with published data collected in 1999–2001. So far, a total of 118 lichenized and three non-lichenized fungi have been identified in this area. Recent studies did not confirm the occurrence of 18 species, but at the same time showed 32 species new to the study area. The article discusses possible causes of changes in the species composition of the lichen biota over almost 25 years and the effectiveness of various methods of collecting data in the field. The results prove that both reserves are still important refuges of forest lichen biodiversity on a scale larger than just the area of Olsztyn’s urban forests. Keywords: lichenized fungi; species diversity; protected area; Poland. | |||||
| 37211 | Somphong A., Poengsungnoen V., Buaruang K., Suriyachadkun C., Sripreechasak P., Tanasupawat S. & Phongsopitanun W. (2022): Diversity of the culturable lichen-derived actinobacteria and the taxonomy of Streptomyces parmotrematis sp. nov. - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 115(7): 911-920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01744-6. A total of 37 actinobacteria were isolated from eighteen lichen samples collected in Thailand. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, they were identified into five genera including Actinoplanes (1 strain), Actinomadura (1 strain), Pseudosporangium (1 strain), Wangella (1 strain) and Streptomyces (33 strains). Among these isolates, strain Ptm05(T), Ptm01 and Ptm12 showed low 16S rRNA gene similarity and was selected for the further taxonomic study using the polyphasic approach. These strains showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces sparsogenes ATCC 25498(T) (97.44-97.72%). Strain Ptm05(T) was selected for the type strain. The chemical cell composition of the strain was similar to the members of Streptomyces genus. LL-diaminopimelic acids were detected in the peptidoglycan. Menaquinones were MK-9(H(8)) and MK-9(H(6)). Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified lipid were detected as the polar lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids are anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), iso-C(17:0) and C(16:0). The dDNA-DNA hybridization values among strain Ptm05(T) and its closely related Streptomyces type strains were 17.2-18.0%. In addition, the ANIb and ANIm between strain Ptm05(T) and related Streptomyces type strains were ranged from 75.69 to 76.13% and 85.21 to 85.35%, respectively. Based on phenotypic and genomic evidence, strain Ptm05(T) (= TBRC 14546(T) = NBRC 115203(T)) represents the novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces parmotrematis sp. nov. is proposed. This study showed that the lichens are the promising source of the novel actinobacterial taxa. *Actinobacteria/genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Fatty Acids/chemistry, *Lichens, Phospholipids/chemistry, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Soil Microbiology, *Streptomyces, Actinobacteria, Actinomycetes, Lichen, Parmotrema, Streptomyces parmotrematis | |||||
| 37210 | Shakour Z.T. & Farag M.A. (2022): Diverse host-associated fungal systems as a dynamic source of novel bioactive anthraquinones in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. - Journal of Advanced Research, 39: 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.007. Background Despite, a large number of bioactive anthraquinones (AQs) isolated from host-living fungi, only plant-derived AQs were introduced in the global consumer markets. Host-living fungi represents renewable and extendible resources of diversified metabolites to be exploited for bioactives production. Unique classes of AQs from fungi include halogenated and steroidal AQs, and absent from planta are of potential to explore for biological activity against urging diseases such as cancer and multidrug-resistant pathogens. The structural diversity of fungal AQs, monomers, dimers, trimers, halogenated, etc… results in a vast range of pharmacological activities. Aim of review The current study capitalizes on uncovering the diversity and distribution of host-living fungal systems producing AQs in different terrestrial ecosystems ranging from plant endophytes, lichens, animals and insects. Furthermore, the potential bioactivities of fungal derived AQs i.e., antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (anti-HIV), anticancer, antioxidant, diuretic and laxative activities are assembled in relation to their structure activity relationship (SAR). Analyzing for structure–activity relationship among fungal AQs may facilitate bioengineering of more potential analogues. Withal, elucidation of AQs biosynthetic pathways in fungi is discussed from different fungal hosts to open up new possibilities for potential biotechnological applications. Such comprehensive review unravels terrestrial host-living fungal systems as a treasure trove in drug discovery, in addition to future perspectives and trends for their exploitation in pharmaceutical industries. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Such comprehensive review unravels terrestrialhost-living fungal systems as a treasure trove in drug discovery, in addition to future perspectives and trends for their exploitation in pharmaceutical industries. Anthraquinones, Biosynthesis, Terrestrial fungi, Endophytes, Pathogenic fungi, Lichens | |||||
| 37209 | Bauer N., Hüvös-Récsi A., Lőkös L., Matus G., Sinigla M. & Farkas E. (2022): Distribution of Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris (Parmeliaceae) in Hungary. - Studia bot. hung, 53: 113-135. https://doi.org/10.17110/StudBot.2022.53.2.113. A synthesis on the distribution of the protected lichen species Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris in Hungary is provided. In addition to summarising the herbarium and published data, we have significantly increased the number of known occurrences with systematic field mapping and clarified the distribution pattern of the species in Hungary. The species occurs in the sandy areas of the Great Hungarian and the Little Hungarian Plains, in the southern and southeastern margins and sporadically in the inner hilly landscapes of the Transdanubian Mountain Ranges. Xanthoparmelia pulvinaris is a characteristic species of the open steppe habitats, further important evidence of the plant geography and historical vegetation development relationships between the sandy grasslands of the plains and the limestone and dolomite rocky grasslands of the middle mountains. Its stronger stands persisted on the eastern edge of the Vértes Mts and in some sand steppes of good natural condition of the Great Hungarian Plain. Most of its mapped occurrences represent small, vulnerable populations. | |||||
| 37208 | Aragón G., Giménez G. & Vicente M. (2022): Diversidad de líquenes terrícolas de los Montes de Toledo (Castilla-La Mancha, España). - Botanica Complutensis, 46: e82384. https://doi.org/10.5209/bocm.82384. Se presentan los resultados del estudio sobre la diversidad de líquenes terrícolas en Montes de Toledo. Se han identificado 103 especies, 14 se citan por primera vez en Castilla-La Mancha y otras 32 son novedad para Montes de Toledo. Las zonas con mayor riqueza son los taludes de pistas forestales del interior de melojares o los cercanos a los cauces de ríos. Destacamos algunas especies más caraterísticas del norte peninsular, que en la zona de estudio se refugian en los taludes más frescos y húmedos (Cladonia ciliata, C. gracilis, C. scabriuscula, C. uncialis, Inoderma epigaeum, Lepraria rigidula, Peltigera venosa, Psoroma hypnorum, Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa). En zonas más expuestas destacamos algunas especies mediterráneas muy escasas en el territorio peninsular (Cladonia dimorpha, Leptogium terrenum, Toninia toepfferi, Trapeliopsis gymnidiata, T. wallrothii). En conclusión, bajo condiciones de clima mediterráneo, los taludes de caminos y pistas forestales constituyen hábitats esenciales para la instalación de especies terrícolas. | |||||
| 37207 | Adelizzi R., O'Brien E.A., Hoellrich M., Rudgers J.A., Mann M., Fernandes V.M.C., Darrouzet-Nardi A. & Stricker E. (2022): Disturbance to biocrusts decreased cyanobacteria, N-fixer abundance, and grass leaf N but increased fungal abundance. - ECOLOGY, 103(4): e3656. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3656. Abstract Interactions between plants and soil microbes influence plant nutrient transformations, including nitrogen (N) fixation, nutrient mineralization, and resource exchanges through fungal networks. Physical disturbances to soils can disrupt soil microbes and associated processes that support plant and microbial productivity. In low resource drylands, biological soil crusts (“biocrusts”) occupy surface soils and house key autotrophic and diazotrophic bacteria, non-vascular plants, or lichens. Interactions among biocrusts, plants, and fungal networks between them are hypothesized to drive carbon and nutrient dynamics; however, comparisons across ecosystems are needed to generalize how soil disturbances alter microbial communities and their contributions to N pools and transformations. To evaluate linkages among plants, fungi, and biocrusts, we disturbed all unvegetated surfaces with human foot trampling twice yearly from 2013–2019 in dry conditions in cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts in the Chihuahuan Desert grassland and shrubland ecosystems. After 5 years, disturbance decreased the abundances of cyanobacteria (especially Microcoleus steenstrupii clade) and N-fixers (Scytonema sp., and Schizothrix sp.) by >77% and chlorophyll a by up to 55% but, conversely, increased soil fungal abundance by 50% compared with controls. Responses of root-associated fungi differed between the two dominant plant species and ecosystem types, with a maximum of 80% more aseptate hyphae in disturbed than in control plots. Although disturbance did not affect 15N tracer transfer from biocrusts to the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, disturbance increased available soil N by 65% in the shrubland, and decreased leaf N of B. eriopoda by up to 16%, suggesting that, although rapid N transfer during peak production was not affected by disturbance, over the long-term plant nutrient content was disrupted. Altogether, the shrubland may be more resilient to detrimental changes due to disturbance than grassland, and these results demonstrated that disturbances to soil microbial communities have the potential to cause substantial changes in N pools by reducing and reordering biocrust taxa. | |||||
| 37206 | Pius C. & Sequeira S. (2022): Dye yielding potential and antibacterial properties of lichens from Kerala, India. - Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 13(1): 86-93. https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/59692/1/IJNPR%2013%281%29%2086-93.pdf. Lichens are a group of lower plants that adapt to extreme environmental conditions. The utility of lichens is due to the wide range of secondary metabolites produced by them. The present study analyzes the dye-yielding potential and antibacterial properties of lichen species Heterodermia boryi, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, and Cladonia fruticulosa collected from different parts of Kerala. Dyes were extracted using methods such as the Ammonia Fermentation Method (AFM), Di-methyl Sulphoxide Extraction Method (DEM), and the Boiling Water Method (BWM). The dye extracts were tested on mulberry silk and banana fiber, and the fiber stability was evaluated by exposure to sunlight and action with detergent and shampoo. Most dyed colors appeared stable, detected using COSMIN software, and included shades of brown, khaki, tan, and gold. AFM and DEM proved to be better extraction methods than BWM. To investigate antibacterial activity, methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and distilled water extracts of lichens were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria alongside a positive control. Chloroform and acetone extracts showed exceptional inhibition activity, followed by methanol and ethanol, with distilled water extracts showing the least activity. Extracts of H. cirrhata and C. fruticulosa exhibited better antibacterial activity than H. boryi, indicating the presence of different secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity, Banana fibre, Fabric dyeing, Kerala, Lichen, Silk | |||||
| 37205 | Soto-Medina E., Días Escandón D. & Zuluaga Trochez A. (2023): Lista de líquenes del Valle del Cauca (Colombia). - Revista de Ciencias, 26(1): 12416 [43 p.]. https://doi.org/10.25100/rc.v26i1.12416. List of lichen species of Valle del Cauca (Colombia): Lichen species of Valle del Cauca (Colombia). [in Spanish with English abstract: ] The objective of this work is to present a list of species of lichenized fungi for Valle del Cauca. A search was made for records of lichenized fungal species for Valle del Cauca deposited in the CUVC, TULV, COL herbariums, or present in scientific articles, books and environmental studies. We found 991 species of lichenized fungi for Valle del Cauca, distributed in 214 genera, 54 families and 28 orders. The genera with the highest number of species were Sticta (42 species), Graphis (41), Allographa (39), Hypotrachyna (39), Pyrenula (36), Parmotrema (32), Ocellularia (29), Coenogonium (27), Porina (27), Physcia (22) and Malmidea (20). This preliminary list constitutes an important basis for taxonomic, ecological and biogeographical studies. Keywords: lichens, catalog, diversity, conservation. | |||||
| 37204 | Boggess L.M., Harrison G.R. & Lendemer J.C. (2024): Cliffs support lichen communities unique from nearby forests: Cliff lichens. - Basic and Applied Ecology, 81: 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.003. Cliffs support rare, endemic, and glacial relict vegetation that may differ from vegetation in surrounding forests. Yet, cliffs are difficult to sample, and rock-dwelling lichens can be challenging to identify; therefore, cliff lichens are often excluded from biodiversity studies. This omission creates fundamental gaps in our understanding of cliff lichens that lead to underestimation of overall community diversity. This study addresses one such gap by asking a basic question: do lichen communities on cliffs differ from rock-dwelling lichen communities in forests? To answer this question, we compared lichen communities from three cliffs in the Linville Gorge (North Carolina, USA; 369 m2 of cliff face surveyed) to rock and soil-dwelling lichen communities in forested plots across the same region (Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, Alabama to North Carolina; 198 1-hectare forested plots). Forest plots were further divided into three groups based on elevation, proximity to Linville Gorge cliffs, and location within the state of North Carolina. A total of 225 rock or soil-dwelling lichen species were found in forest plots throughout the study area, while 104 species were found on cliffs. Two rare cliff-specialist species, Canoparmelia alabamensis, and Chrysothrix susquehannensis, were locally abundant on the studied cliffs but absent from surrounding forests. Our results show that cliffs support 20% of regional rock-dwelling lichen diversity, and that these cliff communities are distinct from those in forests. The high diversity, occurrence of unique species, and presence of rare lichens on cliffs indicate that cliff lichens should be included in biodiversity inventories and stewardship plans. To support this inclusion, we provide the first checklist for the lichens of Linville Gorge. Checklists like this one, including both cliff and non-cliff lichens, provide data on regional diversity and rarity that inform lichen conservation and rock climbing management. Keywords: Cliff ecology; Cliff vegetation; Saxicolous lichens; Lichen diversity; Cliff conservation; Rare species; Crustose lichens. | |||||
| 37203 | Vallese C., Di Nuzzo L., Francesconi L., Giordani P., Spitale D., Benesperi R., Gheza G., Mair P. & Nascimbene J. (2024): Bedrock-dependent effects of climate change on terricolous lichens along elevational gradients in the Alps. - Journal of Fungi, 10(12): 836 [11 p.] . https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10120836. In this study, we focused on the bedrock-dependent effects of climate change on terricolous lichen communities along elevational gradients in the Alps. In particular, we contrasted between carbonatic and siliceous bedrock, hypothesizing more favourable conditions on siliceous than on carbonatic bedrock, where dryer conditions may exacerbate the effects of climate change. To test this hypothesis, we compared terricolous lichen diversity patterns between the two bedrock types in terms of (1) species richness, (2) beta-diversity, (3) proportion of cryophilous species, and (4) functional diversity, also testing the effect of the elevational gradient as a proxy for expected climate warming. Our results indicate that the most cold-adapted part of the terricolus lichen biota of the Alps could be especially threatened in the near future, mainly on carbonatic bedrock. Actually, contrasting diversity patterns were found between carbonatic and siliceous bedrock, clearly revealing a bedrock-dependent effect of climate change on terricolous lichens of the Alps. As hypothesized, siliceous bedrock hosts a richer lichen biota than carbonatic bedrock, reflecting a general richness pattern at the national level. In general, siliceous bedrock seems to be less prone to rapid pauperization of its lichen biota, providing more suitable climatic refugia that can mitigate the effects of climate warming on terricolous lichens. Keywords: beta-diversity; climate change; cryophylous species; Dolomites; functional diversity; Rhaetian Alps; species richness; terricolous lichens. | |||||
| 37202 | Rodríguez-Caballero E., Escribano P., Olehowski C., Chamizo S., Hill J., Cantón Y. & Weber B. (2017): Transferability of multi- and hyperspectral optical biocrust indices. - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 126: 94-107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.02.007. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are communities of cyanobacteria, algae, microfungi, lichens and bryophytes in varying proportions, which live within or immediately on top of the uppermost millimeters of the soil in arid and semiarid regions. As biocrusts are highly relevant for ecosystem processes like carbon, nitrogen, and water cycling, a correct characterization of their spatial distribution is required. Following this objective, considerable efforts have been devoted to the identification and mapping of biocrusts using remote sensing data, and several mapping indices have been developed. However, their transferability to different regions has only rarely been tested. In this study we investigated the transferability of two multispectral indices, i.e. the Crust Index (CI) and the Biological Soil Crust Index (BSCI), and two hyperspectral indices, i.e. the Continuum Removal Crust Identification Algorithm (CRCIA) and the Crust Development Index (CDI), in three sites dominated by biocrusts, but with differences in soil and vegetation composition. Whereas multispectral indices have been important and valuable tools for first approaches to map and classify biological soil crusts, hyperspectral data and indices developed for these allowed to classify biocrusts at much higher accuracy. While multispectral indices showed Kappa (κ) values below 0.6, hyperspectral indices obtained good classification accuracy (κ∼0.8) in both the study area where they had been developed and in the newly tested region. These results highlight the capability of hyperspectral sensors to identify specific absorption features related to photosynthetic pigments as chlorophyll and carotenoids, but also the limitation of multispectral information to discriminate between areas dominated by biocrusts, vegetation or bare soil. Based on these results we conclude that remote sensing offers an important and valid tool to map biocrusts. However, the spectral similarity between the main surface components of drylands and biocrusts demand for mapping indices based on hyperspectral information to correctly map areas dominated by biocrusts at ecosystem scale. Biological soil crust, Remote sensing, Hyperspectral, Mapping indices, Drylands, Multispectral | |||||
| 37201 | Riyanto, Mulwandari M., Asysyafiiyah L., Sirajuddin M.I. & Cahyandaru N. (2022): Direct synthesis of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) essential oil-silver nanoparticles (EO-AgNPs) as biopesticides and application for lichen inhibition on stones. - Heliyon, 8(6): e09701. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09701. Lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus L.) is used directly to kill lichens and has many disadvantages such as being less effective, volatile, and inefficient. Lichens are a type of microbe that grows in rocks and cause biodeteriorations of rock material because they are highly erosive. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the direct synthesis of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) essential oil-silver nanoparticles (EO-AgNPs) as biopesticides and application for lichens inhibition on stones. This was carried out in order to improve the performance and effectiveness of biopesticides which is excellent in killing lichens on stone surfaces. However, it has several disadvantages, such as not being economical, slow performance, and high volatility. The EO-AgNPs nanoparticles were produced by adding AgNO3 powder directly to lemongrass essential oil. They were then observed to know the effect of variations in storage time on material stability and AgNO3 concentration. The synthesized material was characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, particle size analyzer (PSA), and SEM-EDX before being tested for its effectiveness in killing lichens directly on stones and inhibition activity. The results showed that the EO-AgNPs had been successfully synthesized as indicated by the color of the clear dark brown solution in the wavelength range of 430 nm. Furthermore, after it was analyzed using PSA and SEM-EDX, EO-AgNPs had a particle size of 332 nm and were spherical with Ag, C, O content of 27.28, 57.98, and 14.74%, respectively. The antifungal activity for killing lichens based on the diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) using EO and EO-AgNO3 was 14.7 mm and 20.3 mm, respectively. This shows that EO-AgNPs nanoparticles are capable of killing lichens on rock surfaces and also have a better inhibition activity than EO. Essential oils, Silver nanoparticle, Lemongrass, Biopesticides, Lichens | |||||
| 37200 | Pham N., Tran N., Truong Nguyen H., Pham D., Nguyen T., Nguyen T., Nguyen H., Do T., Nguyen N. & Duong T. (2022): Design, modification, and bio-evaluation of salazinic acid derivatives. - ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 15(1): 103535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103535. Data on synthesized derivatives of salazinic acid are scarce, with existing reports addressing only derivative hexaacetyl salazinic acid. This study investigated a set of novel potential antidiabetic agents. Analogs of salazinic acid were designed and synthesized using bromination, nucleophilic addition, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and esterification. Ten synthetic compounds were prepared and structurally elucidated, including eight new compounds (1a-1c, 2a, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) and two known analogs. Under bromination, salazinic acid (1) enabled the following reaction chain: oxidation, decarboxylation, and substitution. This yielded products 1a-1c, which were found to have unprecedented scaffolds. Parmosidone F (5) was prepared from 1 with orsellinic acid via Friedel-Crafts alkylation, confirming a previously reported biosynthesis route. These analogs were evaluated for enzyme inhibition of α-glucosidase, and all showed more potent activity than that of acarbose, a positive control (IC50 332 μM), with IC50 values in the range 9.32–39.96 μM. An in silico molecular docking model confirmed that, in terms of enzyme inhibition, the compounds ranked as follows: 3b > 4b > 4a > 1c > 2a > 1b > 1a > 3a. The kinetics of enzyme inhibition showed 4a and 5 to be a non-competitive-type and mixed-type inhibitors, respectively. Lichen, Bromination, Nucleophilic addition, -glucosidase inhibition, Molecular docking, Kinetic | |||||
| 37199 | Nejidat A., Potrafka R.M. & Zaady E. (2016): Successional biocrust stages on dead shrub soil mounds after severe drought: Effect of micro-geomorphology on microbial community structure and ecosystem recovery. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 103: 213-220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.028. A drought- induced massive shrub death event was observed in a semi-arid region of the Negev Desert, leaving bare soil mounds in place. Hypothesizing that the absence of shrubs would allow biocrust expansion to cover the bare soil mounds, we followed the development of biocrusts on the south and north-facing slopes of the soil mounds over three years. Only after six years, when the mounds were totally flattened, were the water infiltration capacity and soil compaction properties of the developing biocrusts similar to those of the surrounding mature biocrusts. The prokaryotic community structure was exposed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. A principal component analysis indicated that the development of microbial community on the soil mounds was affected at multiple scales, including biocrust successional stage, seasonal effect and the micro-geomorphology of the mound (north vs. south slopes). While the phototroph community structure was most associated with the biocrust successional stage, the heterotroph community structure was mostly season-associated. Compared to the north slope, the south slope exhibited delayed development in all determined parameters; with the addition of lately observed establishment of new shrubs in this site, the results emphasize the importance of the micro-geomorphology in the recovery of the affected ecosystem. Climate change, Cyanobacterial crust, Heterotrophs, Phototrophs, Semi-arid, Slopes | |||||
| 37198 | Guan C., Chen N., Qiao L. & Zhao C. (2022): Contrasting effects of biological soil crusts on soil respiration in a typical steppe. - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 169: 108666. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108666. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), specialized communities of cyanobacteria, lichens, mosses, fungi and bacteria occurring on the ground surface, are key drivers of soil carbon (C) cycles in drylands, yet our understanding of how biocrusts directly and indirectly (through soil temperature or moisture) affect soil respiration and the contributions of biocrusts to soil C efflux is very limited. Using continuous field measurements in bare and biocrusted soils, we assessed the influence of biocrusts on soil respiration and the biocrust contribution to soil respiration over a one-year period and explained the mechanisms by which biocrusts directly and indirectly regulate soil respiration. Although the overall effect of biocrusts on soil respiration was positive, contrasting effects of biocrusts on soil respiration were also found. Unfortunately, the indirect effect of biocrusts on soil respiration through soil temperature or moisture was nonsignificant. The driving factor of total soil respiration was soil temperature, but soil moisture, photosynthetically active radiation and precipitation were driving factors for soil respiration in the biocrust layer. We proposed conceptual frameworks to explain the contrasting mechanisms by which biocrusts modulate soil respiration. In addition, biocrusts decreased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Our findings indicate that biocrusts may alter the driving factors, forming contrasting mechanisms to regulate soil respiration in the biocrust layer, and emphasize the important roles of biocrusts as modulators of C cycles in dryland soils. Incorporating biocrusts into terrestrial C process models may improve predictions of climate change impacts on dryland ecosystems. Biological soil crust (biocrust), Soil respiration, Soil temperature, Soil moisture, Photosynthetically active radiation, Precipitation | |||||
| 37197 | Finger-Higgens R., Duniway M.C., Fick S., Geiger E.L., Hoover D.L., Pfennigwerth A.A., Van Scoyoc M.W. & Belnap J. (2022): Decline in biological soil crust N-fixing lichens linked to increasing summertime temperatures. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(16): e2120975119. https://doi.org/doi:10.1073/pnas.2120975119. Across many global drylands, biocrusts form a protective barrier on the soil surface and fill many critical roles in these harsh yet fragile environments. Previous short-term research suggests that climate change and invasive plant introduction can damage and alter biocrust communities, yet few long-term observations exist. Using a globally unique long-term record of continuous biocrust surveys from a rare never-grazed, protected grassland on the US Colorado Plateau, we found lichen species diversity and cover to be negatively correlated with increasing summer air temperatures, while moss species showed more sensitivity to variation in precipitation and invasive grass cover. These results suggest that dryland systems may be at a critical tipping point where ongoing warming could result in biological soil crust degradation. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), comprised of mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria, are key components to many dryland communities. Climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances are thought to cause a decline in mosses and lichens, yet few long-term studies exist to track potential shifts in these sensitive soil-surface communities. Using a unique long-term observational dataset from a temperate dryland with initial observations dating back to 1967, we examine the effects of 53 y of observed environmental variation and Bromus tectorum invasion on biocrust communities in a grassland never grazed by domestic livestock. Annual observations show a steep decline in N-fixing lichen cover (dominated by Collema species) from 1996 to 2002, coinciding with a period of extended drought, with Collema communities never able to recover. Declines in other lichen species were also observed, both in number of species present and by total cover, which were attributed to increasing summertime temperatures. Conversely, moss species gradually gained in cover over the survey years, especially following a large Bromus tectorum invasion at the study onset (ca. 1996 to 2001). These results support a growing body of studies that suggests climate change is a key driver in changes to certain components of late-successional biocrust communities. Results here suggest that warming may partially negate decades of protection from disturbance, with biocrust communities reaching a vital tipping point. The accelerated rate of ongoing warming observed in this study may have resulted in the loss of lichen cover and diversity, which could have long-term implications for global temperate dryland ecosystems. | |||||
| 37196 | Caster J., Sankey T.T., Sankey J.B., Bowker M.A., Buscombe D., Duniway M.C., Barger N., Faist A. & Joyal T. (2021): Biocrust and the soil surface: Influence of climate, disturbance, and biocrust recovery on soil surface roughness. - GEODERMA, 403: 115369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115369. Biocrust communities promote soil surface roughness, a key functional characteristic for soil ecology. However, the spatial scales at which biocrust communities contribute to surface roughness are not well understood. To refine our understanding of the spatial dynamics between biocrust and soil surface roughness, we used mm-resolution terrestrial LiDAR to measure micro-topographic roughness at seven sub-meter, 3-dimensional kernels (spatial scales) for undisturbed and disturbed biocrusts within the cool Great Basin and the hot Chihuahuan Deserts of western North America. This multi-scalar approach applied within the different desert regions allowed us to explore two objectives: 1) assess the relative importance of climate and disturbance on biocrust roughness, and 2) evaluate how soil surface roughness evolves with biocrust recovery. For objective 1, we found that undisturbed cool desert biocrust was up to three times rougher than hot desert biocrust. Much of the difference in roughness between the two desert biocrust communities appeared to be from climate or other regional factors. However, positive correlations between roughness and biocrust indicators, including soil chlorophyll-a and the field-based Level of Development (LOD) index, suggested that differences in roughness at spatial scales ≤ 10 cm are directly related to biocrust development. Mechanical disturbance aimed at removing biocrust resulted in significant reductions in roughness and removed much of the observed differences in roughness between cool and hot desert soils. We evaluated biocrust recovery within the cool desert study area two years after mechanical disturbance and found that the disturbed soil increased in roughness up-to 300%. The increased surface roughness at spatial scales ≤ 10 cm were positively correlated with increased aggregate stability and indicators of biocrust reestablishment. We found that topographic change area was also an important contributor to roughness at all spatial scales, particularly at spatial scales ≥ 20 cm where it was the most important factor evaluated. These results provide insight into how biocrust interacts with other biophysical processes to influence soil surface roughness and how soil surfaces evolve at time scales relevant to soil restoration activities. Biological soil crust, LiDAR, Remote sensing, Soil restoration, Surface processes, Change detection | |||||
| 37195 | Acton A. (2022): Coetiroedd Cwm Elan/ Elan Valley Woodlands SAC: Lichen survey of Gro Woods & Nant Rhyd-coch/Dol y mynach. - Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report, 623: 1-108. https://naturalresourceswales.gov.uk/media/695096/nrw-evidence-report-623-elan-valley-gro-woods-dol-y-mynach-lichen-survey-accessible.pdf. Many areas of the Elan Valley Woodlands SAC have been surveyed for lichens, but some units remain unknown lichenologically. Survey in the Dwr Cymru-owned SAC woodland on the SE side of Caban Coch reservoir (SSSI units 584 Gro Woods and 585 Nant Rhyd-coch/Dol y mynach) was considered a particular priority because it will help inform management there, such as thinning and grazing reintroduction. The survey focussed on woodland on the SE side of Caban Coch reservoir (SSSI units 584 Gro Woods and 585 Nant Rhyd-coch/Dol y mynach). In both blocks the main lichen interest is associated with veteran pasture oak trees that predate the 19th century oak plantations. The interest includes Nationally Scarce, Nationally Rare and ‘old woodland indicator’ index species (Sanderson et al. 2018) of Southern Oceanic woodlands (SOWI) and Upland Rainforests (URI) and a number of species that Red-listed either in the UK (Woods & Coppins 2102) and/or Wales (Woods, 2010). Gro Woods (SSSI Unit 584) Unit 584 is dominated by long established oakwoods of plantation origin but includes a number of veteran pasture oaks that predate the mature planted oaks. Much of this general area was probably upland pasture/pasture woodland before the oak planting, and the ground adjacent to the unit supported remnants of pasture woodland before 20th Century conifer planting. In some areas regeneration is posing a threat to the lichen interest on veterans. Halo thinning and careful monitoring of regeneration are recommended. Some restructuring to encourage the development of future veterans is also desirable. The old growth Lobarion pulmonariae community of more base rich bark was not recorded at Gro. The oceanic acid bark Parmelietum laevigatae community was present on old birch but the greatest interest was on veteran pasture oaks. Additional interest was recorded on rowan. Notable species recorded at Gro include: • 1 that is probably Critically Endangered ?CR in Wales (Chrysothrix chrysophthalma NR) • 1 Red-Listed Vulnerable VU in Wales (Microcalicium ahlneri NS) • 4 Red-Listed Near Threatened NT in Wales (Arthonia vinosa, Bunodophoron melanocarpum, Biatora chrysantha NS, Thelotrema lepadinum) Dol y mynach (SSSI Unit 584) Block 585 is ancient woodland pasture with frequent veteran trees but stock has been removed. The adjacent conifer blocks have been felled. Abundant regeneration has established around veteran trees in the pasture woodland and on adjacent clearfell conifers. This poses a shade threat to the lichen interest on the veterans. Some attempts have been made to address the problem this poses for lichens (e.g. halo thinning) but much more work is needed, ideally with increased browsing to control regrowth from cut stumps and suppress further regeneration. Ideally the area would be grazed by cattle. The old growth Lobarion pulmonariae community of more base rich bark was poorly represented at Dol y mynach with just Peltigera horizontalis recorded. The oceanic acid bark Parmelietum laevigatae community was present on old birch and veteran pasture oaks. The greatest interest was on veteran pasture oaks. Additional interest was recorded on hazel. Notable species on pasture oaks at Dol y mynach include: • 2 species that are Near Threatened NT in Wales (Arthonia vinosa and Thelotrema lepadinum). • Other notable old woodland species were scare/rare or very local e.g. Lopadium disciforme, Lecidea sanguineoatra NS, Calicium lenticulare NS. SUMMARY FOR SAC A large number of species that are Red-listed in Wales are known from the SAC, mostly recorded from trees but a few on rocks (see main report for details). These are summarised below: • 1 species that has recently become extinct (RE) in Wales • 2 Red-Listed Critically Endangered CR in Wales • 4 that are almost most certainly Critically Endangered ?CR in Wales (not formally evaluated by Woods (2010) but qualifying as CR in Wales): Biatora ligni-mollis, Buellia violaceofusca, Chrysothrix chrysophthalma, Enterographa sorediata. • 2 Red-Listed Endangered EN in Wales • 19 Red-Listed Vulnerable VU in Wales • 34 Red-Listed Near Threatened NT in Wales (an additional species is probably just outwith the SAC) • 5 Data Deficient DD in Wales(an additional species is probably just outwith the SAC) • 2 Not Evaluated NE in Wales (Antennulariella lichenisata NS E IR and Burgoa splendens) This is a huge number of notable species and the SAC is clearly of high conservation importance. However, many of the species are very rare or localised with some only occurring at one or two sub-sites or even on only on a few trees. Many of the component sites are also non-contiguous and relatively isolated. Increasing connectivity between sub-sites is recommended | |||||
| 37194 | Lendemer J.C. (2024): Abraham Halsey: Forgotten pioneer of New York City botany and North American lichenology. - The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 151(4): 231–348. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-24-00016.1. Abraham Halsey published the first checklist of New York City lichens in 1823. It was the first work focused on lichens in North America. Study of this baseline—among the oldest, most comprehensive outside of Europe—has been complicated because the supporting vouchers were believed destroyed in an 1866 fire that consumed the collections of the New York Lyceum, predecessor of the New York Academy of Sciences. The discovery of Halsey's collection in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden herbarium is reported here. The history and contents of the collection are discussed in detail, updated identifications are provided for all specimens, Halsey's checklist is updated to modern taxonomic concepts, and the 1823 baseline is compared to the present day. The collection contains 265 specimens, 126 of which are vouchers that correspond to 114 of the 190 names from his published checklist. An additional 88 specimens appear to be post-1823 collections from New York made by Halsey. In total, Halsey's New York City specimens correspond to 129 species, of which only 18 now occur in the region. Shifts in the lichen biota of New York City, occurring after near-complete extirpation in the 1960s, followed by subsequent recolonization, demonstrate modern trends toward lower foliose and fruticose lichen diversity, lower diversity of sexually reproducing taxa, and lower diversity of taxa that associate with ecologically restricted photobionts such as Trentepohlia and cyanobacteria. The historical lichen communities of the area resembled those of existing remnant mature and old-growth high-quality habitats in the Central Appalachian Mountains and Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. It is shown that the authorship of the eight new taxa described in the 1823 checklist should be attributed to Halsey, and the taxonomic identity of each taxon is discussed in detail. Cetraria viridis (≡ Vulpicida viridis) is lectotypified and the prior neotype overturned, Lecidea versicolor is neotypified and placed in synonymy with Xanthosyne varians, Pyrenula enteroleuca is lectotypified and placed in synonymy with Conotrema urceolatum, Verrucaria composita is lectotypified, transferred to Viridothelium as V. compositum, and the common V. virens is placed in synonymy and lectotypified. The original material of Spiloma roseum Halsey nom. illeg. is shown to be conspecific with Coniarthonia pyrrhula. The identities of Lecanora juglandina and Lecanora irregularis remain unresolved. This study resurrects the legacy of a pioneering naturalist whose work came to be reduced to a lichenological footnote and whose role in New York City botany has been largely forgotten. This study also highlights the value of natural history collections in reconstructing historical ecosystems, contextualizing centuries of human-mediated environmental change, and informing conservation. It illustrates the wealth of irreplaceable information in New York State botanical collections, and the urgent need to assure that these are preserved, digitized, and most importantly, continuously restudied. Importantly, archival records newly reported on here unequivocally dispute the historical narrative that the herbarium of the New York Lyceum was destroyed by fire and instead suggest it survived in the Mercantile Library Association at Astor Place in Manhattan. The present-day whereabouts of this invaluable herbarium are unknown, and it is likely unnoticed and unrecognized in an institutional library or archive somewhere in the New York City metropolitan region. Key words: historical botany, natural history collection, urban ecology, voucher. | |||||
| 37193 | Adamska E. & Krzewicka B. (2024): Occurrence and distribution of the lichen genus Peltigera in Kaffiøyra Plain, Oscar II Land during the 13th summer polar expedition 1997 (NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard). - Acta Mycologica, 59: 195527 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/195527. The material was collected during studies of the vegetation of Kaffiøyra in the course of „Thirteenth Toruń Polar Expedition, Spitsbergen - 1997” of N. Copernici University of Toruń. The studied areas were situated only on moraines, some mountain massif slopes, and all terraces. Samples of lichens were taken from 24 out of 61 total squares with an area of 1 km2. In the study area, 12 taxa of the genus Peltigera were noted, including nine new ones to the Kaffiøyra Plain, such as P. aphthosa, P. canina, P. didactyla, P. frippii, P. kristinssonii, P. lyngei, P. neckeri, P. polydactylon, P. ponojensis and three previously noted, such as P. leucophlebia, P. malacea, and P. rufescens. The most frequently recorded species in the study area were P. canina (9 localities), P. malacea (9), P. ponojensis (9) and P. rufescens (9). The greatest species diversity occurred on Waldemar Glacier Sander. As many as 10 species of Peltigera genus were recorded there. An average of five species per square were recorded in that region. Key words: diversity; lichenized fungi; Arctic. | |||||
| 37192 | Beltrán-Sanz N., Raggio J., Gonzalez S., Dal Grande F., Prost S., Green A., Pintado A. et Sancho L. G. (2022): Climate change leads to higher NPP at the end of the century in the Antarctic Tundra: Response patterns through the lens of lichens. - Science of The Total Environment, 835: 155495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155495. Poikilohydric autotrophs are the main colonizers of the permanent ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra biome. Global climate warming and the small human footprint in this ecosystem make it especially vulnerable to abrupt changes. Elucidating the effects of climate change on the Antarctic ecosystem is challenging because it mainly comprises poikilohydric species, which are greatly influenced by microtopographic factors. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of climate change on the metabolic activity and net primary photosynthesis (NPP) in the widespread lichen species Usnea aurantiaco-atra. Long-term monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the field was combined with photosynthetic performance measurements in laboratory experiments in order to establish the daily response patterns under biotic and abiotic factors at micro- and macro-scales. Our findings suggest that macroclimate is a poor predictor of NPP, thereby indicating that microclimate is the main driver due to the strong effects of microtopographic factors on cryptogams. Metabolic activity is also crucial for estimating the NPP, which is highly dependent on the type, distribution, and duration of the hydration sources available throughout the year. Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, metabolic activity will increase slightly compared with that at present due to the increased precipitation events predicted in MIROC5. Temperature is highlighted as the main driver for NPP projections, and thus climate warming will lead to an average increase in NPP of 167–171% at the end of the century. However, small changes in other drivers such as light and relative humidity may strongly modify the metabolic activity patterns of poikilohydric autotrophs, and thus their NPP. Species with similar physiological response ranges to the species investigated in the present study are expected to behave in a similar manner provided that liquid water is available | |||||
| 37191 | Mishra G.K., Maurya P. & Upreti D.K. (2022): Cetrelia isidiata (Asahina) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (Parmeliaceae) - an addition to the Indian lichen biota. - Journal of Threatened Taxa, 14(7): 21467-21469. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.7891.14.7.21467-21469. Cetrelia isidiata (Asahina) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb., is characterized by the presence of isidia, pseudocyphellae on thallus, and containing anziaic acid. The species is reported here as an addition to the Indian lichen biota from Arunachal Pradesh. A detailed description along with key to isidiate species of the genus known is provided | |||||
| 37190 | 濱 田 信 夫 & 宮 脇 博 巳 [Hamada N. & Miyawaki H.] (1998): 大気汚染の 生物指標 と して の 地衣類 [Lichens as bioindicators of air pollution]. - 日本生態学会誌 [Japanese Journal of Ecology], 48: 49−60. https://doi.org/10.18960/seitai.48.1_49. [in Japanese with English abstract: ] Far more studies on lichens as bioindicators of air pollution have been done in Europe and North America than in Japan．It is therefore necessary to grasp the background of European science in this field in order to perform these difficult studies．Such studies shoud help to clarify the comprehensive influence of many air pollutants on lichens, and recent changes in the environmental situation. Remarkable studies carried out in Europe over the last 30 years，and recent reports，including those on acid rain，are reviewed．The authors discuss how to actually perform studies of lichens in Japan, based on their investigations in and around Osaka City. Key Words ： Air pollution，Lichens，Bioindicator，Sulfurd’ioxide，Acid rain. | |||||
| 37189 | 山本好和, 川上寛子, 原光二郎, 小峰正史, 黒木秀一 & 岩切勝彦 [Yamamoto Y., Kawakami H., Hara K., Komine M., Kurogi S. & Iwakiri K.] (2017): 宮崎県宮崎市の地衣類 [Lichens in Miyazaki City, Miyazaki-ken, Kyusyu, Japan]. - 宮崎県総合博物館研究紀要 [Bulletin of the Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History], 37: 33–36. https://doi.org/10.60322/mpmnh.37.0_33. [in Japanese with English abstract: ] Lichen flora was investigated at Miyazaki City, with field surveys on 15 Mar. 2009, 7 Mar. 2010, 9 Mar. 2011, 10 & 11 Mar. 2012, 23 Sep. 2014 and 10 Nov. 2014, and following 32 species were recognized. For each species, Latin name, Japanese name, collection site, substrate, date, collector and specimen number are given. Key words : lichen flora, Miyazaki City. | |||||
| 37188 | 山本好和, 川上寛子, 原光二郎, 小峰正史, 黒木秀一 & 岩切勝彦 [Yamamoto Y., Kawakami H., Hara K., Komine M., Kurogi S. & Iwakiri K.] (2017): 宮崎県日豊海岸の地衣類 [Lichens in Nippo Seaside, Miyazaki-ken, Kyusyu, Japan]. - 宮崎県総合博物館研究紀要 [Bulletin of the Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History], 37: 37–40. https://doi.org/10.60322/mpmnh.37.0_37. [in Japanese with English abstract: ] Lichen flora was investigated at the Nippo Seaside of Miyazaki Prefecture, with field surveys on 16 and 17 Mar. 2014, and following 42 species were recognized. For each species, Latin name, Japanese name, collection site, substrate, date, collector and specimen number are given. Key words : lichen flora, Nippo Seaside. | |||||
| 37187 | Quilhot P. W., Thompson V. J., Vidal B. S. & Campos P. G. (1981): Lichen substances and the plant growth. I. The effect of roccellic acid on the development of adventitious roots in cuttings of Tradescantia virginiana. - The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 49: 273–277. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.49.0_273. The lichen metabolite roccellic acid, as sodium salt, proved to produce a stimulating action in the formation of adventitious roots in cuttings of Tradescantia virginiana L. f. albiflora B. The cuttings were culturated in a nutrient solution with different concentrations of roccellic salt over a period of 16 days. The most stimulatory effect was obtained with the 10- 7 M concentration overcoming those of AIA and kinetin. Key words: roccellic sodium salt, cuttings, root production, root lenght, Tradescantia virginiana L. f. albiflora B. | |||||
| 37186 | 佳典 南 & 高橋 啓 二 [Minami Y. & Takahashi K.] (1994): [Relationship between distribution of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens on Cryptomeria japonica and environmental conditions in Kanto−Koshin district, Japan] . - 目 本 i飜 讐 頻 」蝉 会 令 報 [Proceedings of the Bryological Society of Japan], 6(4): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.24474/koke.6.4_57. [in Japanese with English summary: ] The relationship between species composition, coverage and distribution of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens on Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, and environmental conditions was studied in Kanto−Koshin district, Japan. Trees of C. japonica with a DBH greater than 60 cm were chosen as the subject of this study. The number of species andevegetation cover of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in this district tended to be higher in the outskirts and lower in central parts. In the distribution patterns of major species, clear differences were confirmed. Three floristic composition types based upon differences of distribution patterns of these major species showed the distribution pattem to coincide with atmospheric environmental gradient．It suggests that both of precipitation and secondary air pollutants largely affect the growth condition of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens. | |||||
| 37185 | 山本 好和 , 黒木 秀一 , 岩切 勝彦 , 松本 美津 & 八木 真紀子 [Yamamoto Y., Kurogi S., Iwakiri K., Matsumoto M. & Yagi M.] (2019): 宮崎県日南市飫肥の地衣類 [Lichens in Obi, Nichinan City, Miyazaki Pref. Kyusyu, Japan]. - 宮崎県総合博物館研究紀要 [Bulletin of the Miyazaki Prefectural Museum of Nature and History], 39: 39–42. https://doi.org/10.60322/mpmnh.39.0_39. [in Japanese with English abstract: ] Lichen flora was investigated in Obi, Nichinan City, with field surveys on 19 Nov. 2016, and following 33 species were recognized. For each species, Latin name, domestic (Japanese) name, substrate, collector and specimen number are given. Keywords : Lichen flora, Nichinan City. | |||||
| 37184 | Rao D.N., Robitaille G. & LeBlanc F. (1977): Influence of heavy metal pollution on lichens and bryophytes. - The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 42: 213–239. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.42.0_213. | |||||
| 37183 | Knežević B. & Mayrhofer H. (2022): Catalogue of lichens of Montenegro. - Montenegrin Academ of Sciences and Arts Catalogue 13, The Section of Natural Sciences, 12: 1-438. https://canupub.me/knjiga/catalogue-of-lichens-of-montenegro. The paper represents an overview of results of so far conducted known lichenological researches of Montenegro. Taxonomical part of the catalogue consists of 887 species, 25 subspecies and 32 varieties of lichens/lichenized fungi, belonging to 221 genera. Also, the paper includes 78 species of lichenicolous fungi, and 12 species of non- or doubtfully lichenized taxa frequently treated by lichenologists. Each species and subspecies is accompanied by data related to literature source, locality, substrate and altitude. Apart from the existing literature data, the paper provides the results of fieldwork, conducted for the purpose of catalogue development. The following species and subspecies, recorded within the fieldwork, are new for Montenegro: Rinodina trevisanii, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Cladonia grayi, Lepraria celata, Squamarina lentigera, Lecanora albellula, Bryoria pseudofuscescens, Cetraria sepincola, Evernia prunastri var. herinii, Psora testacea, Xylographa pallens and Aspicilia verrucosa subsp. mutabilis | |||||
| 37182 | Tatipamula V.B., Nguyen H.T. & Kukavica B. (2022): Beneficial Effects of Liposomal Formulations of Lichen Substances: A Review. - Curr Drug Deliv, 19(3): 252-259. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201818666210713110719. Lichens are commonly used as essential traditional medicines to treat various conditions, including skin disorders, wounds, digestive, respiratory, obstetric, and gynecological problems in many cultures in Africa, Asia, Europe, Haitian, Oceania, and North and South America. Lichens have been deeply investigated for their phytochemical properties and, to date, numerous compounds (also known as substances) have been successfully isolated from the extracts. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of pure lichen substances have been widely recognized as significant issues hindering their biological applications. Recently, several groups have investigated the properties and the potential applications of lichen metabolites-based liposomal formulations and revealed a substantial improvement in their solubility, bioactivity, and toxicity in the animal. Thus, in this topical review, we aimed to provide an overview of liposomal structures, the efficacy of liposomal formulations, as well as their beneficial effects as compared to the free compounds themselves. Animals, Drug Compounding, Haiti, *Lichens/chemistry, Liposomes/chemistry, *Skin Diseases, Lichen, lichen metabolites, liposomal formulations, liposomal structures, liposomal types, loaded liposomes | |||||
| 37181 | Sepehr A., Hosseini A., Naseri K. & Gholamhosseinian A. (2022): Biological soil crusts impress vegetation patches and fertile islands over an arid pediment, Iran. - Journal of Ecology and Environment, 46(04): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5141/jee.21.00082. Background: Plant vegetation appears in heterogeneous and patchy forms in arid and semi-arid regions. In these regions, underneath the plant patches and the empty spaces between them are covered by biological soil crusts (moss, lichen, cyanobacteria, and fungi). Biological soil crusts lead to the formation and development of fertile islands in between vegetation patches via nitrogen and carbon fixation and the permeation of runoff water and nutrients in the soil.Results: The present study has investigated the association of biological soil crusts, the development of fertile islands, and the formation of plant patches in part of the Takht-e Soltan protected area, located in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Three sites were randomly selected as the working units and differentiated based on their geomorphological characteristics to the alluvial fan, hillslope, and fluvial terrace landforms. Two-step systematic random sampling was conducted along a 100-meter transect using a 5 m2 plot at a 0–5 cm depth in three repetitions. Fifteen samplings were carried out at each site with a total of 45 samples taken. The results showed that the difference in altitude has a significant relationship with species diversity and decreases with decreasing altitude. Results have revealed that the moisture content of the site, with biocrust has had a considerable increase compared to the other sites, helping to form vegetation patterns and fertile islands.Conclusions: The findings indicated that biological crusts had impacted the allocation of soil parameters. They affect the formation of plant patches by increasing the soil’s organic carbon, nitrogen, moisture and nutrient content provide a suitable space for plant growth by increasing the soil fertility in the inter-patch space. biological soil crusts, fertile islands, soil physicochemical parameters, vegetation patches | |||||
| 37180 | Rangel-Osornio V., Gómez-Reyes V.M., Cuevas-Villanueva R.A., Fernández-Salegui A.B., Bermea O.M. & Álvarez E.H. (2022): Biomonitoring of airborne trace elements using transplanted lichens around a paper industry (Morelia, Mexico). - Environ Monit Assess, 194(4): 244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09873-1. The deposition of trace elements around a pulp and paper industry in Morelia, Mexico, was evaluated using two lichen species as biomonitors. Samples of the foliose lichen Flavopunctelia praesignis and the fruticose lichen Usnea ceratina were collected in two remote areas and transplanted at different distances and directions from the pollution source. Lichen samples were exposed for 4 months (1) around the industrial area and (2) in their native habitats (control sites). We investigated the bioaccumulation of 11 trace elements in lichen thalli, and we compared the response of the two lichen species. To identify possible common sources, we evaluated the relationships between trace elements by correlations and cluster analyses. Our results showed that Cd was a good tracer for air pollution from the pulp and paper mills. In samples of Usnea ceratina exposed around the industrial area, Cd was significantly higher than in the remote area. Within the study area, trace element contents increase with the distance from the source, and they showed high depositions in the direction of prevailing winds. Moreover, we were able to detect groups of elements with similar behavior and common origins. Our results indicated that Flavopunctelia praesignis showed a higher capacity to accumulate trace elements than Usnea ceratina. *Air Pollutants/analysis, Animals, Biological Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring/methods, *Lichens, Mexico, *Trace Elements/analysis, Air pollution, Bioaccumulation, Flavopunctelia praesignis, Tropical region, Usnea ceratina | |||||
| 37179 | Loope D.B., Elder J.F., Zlotnik V.A., Loope G.R. & Blythe D. (2022): Backwasting rock sheets of the Navajo Sandstone, Utah, USA. - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(10): 2628-2642. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5399. Abstract On many Navajo Sandstone outcrops in southern Utah, steep, decimetre-high scarps (downslope-facing margins of rock sheets) interrupt smooth slopes covered by crustose lichens. Scarps form where sheeting joints and water emerge at the land surface. Weathering at scarp faces causes upslope backwasting of rock sheets and leaves behind smooth, unweathered rock surfaces that become stabilized by lichens. We hypothesize that subsurface, low-angle, open fractures in porous and permeable rocks are barriers to downward flux of water through the vadose zone. Runoff and lateral flow through the uppermost rock sheets deliver water to scarps, inducing backwasting. Monitoring of temperature and water/ice content within two surficial rock sheets revealed that, in the winter of 2020–2021, snowmelt that entered lichen-covered surfaces persisted for 64 days and underwent 46 freeze/thaw cycles. Water gained from summer rains remained for a maximum of 11 days. Flaking rock and dangling lichen crusts that overhang scarps indicate backwasting is now active. We conclude that freeze/thaw cycles (rather than salt precipitation) drive backwasting at our study sites, all of which are located more than 1400 m above sea level where the climate is relatively cool, and snowfalls are frequent. Backwasting would likely be more rapid and extensive under a cooler, wetter (periglacial) climate. Although broad, gently sloping, lichen-covered rock sheets dominate the land surface, they are not downwasting; weathering is instead restricted to the near-vertical, lichen-free, backwasting scarps. | |||||
| 37178 | Boddu R.K., Tiruveedhula S., Gundoju N., Elkhateeb W. & Daba G. (2022): Biologically active orcinol-based secondary metabolites originated from lichens. - Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica, 21: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.36547/nbc.1075. Lichens have attracted considerable interest since ancient time due to their medicinal properties. Lichen produce a variety of orcinol-based compounds such as xanthones, anthraquinones, dibenzofurans, depsides, and depsidones. Several related compounds have shown potent bioactivities as antiviral, antioxidant, anti-herbivore, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer. Lichens have been employed as traditional medicines, and these are continuing to be of great interest for their biotechnological potential. The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the literature on the orcinol based biologically active secondary metabolites of lichen. | |||||
| 37177 | Bajpai A., Mishra G., Upreti D. & Tandon P. (2022): Biodeterioration Activity of Lichens Communities on Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka World Heritage Zone, Madhya Pradesh, India. - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT, 8: 64-71. https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i01.07. The study deals with lichen diversity on monuments of Bhimbetka rock shelters at Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. The micro-climatic conditions of the monuments provide excellent habitat for lichens to colonize. A total of 40 species of lichens belonging to 10 lichen communities exhibit their occurrence on the rock shelters. The crustose and squamulose lichen communities with 21 species exhibit their dominance followed by eight Physioid and seven Teloschistacean communities. The ecology of lichen communities colonizing Bhimbetka rock shelters together with their deteriorating and bioprotecting role is also discussed. | |||||
| 37176 | Marta Alonso-García & Juan Carlos Villarreal A. (2022): Bacterial community of reindeer lichens differs between northern and southern lichen woodlands. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 52(5): 662-673. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0272. Lichens cover nearly 7% of the earth’s surface, and in eastern Canada, lichen woodlands occupy over 300 000 km2. Reindeer lichens (genus Cladonia) are the main component of lichen woodlands and they play a crucial role in boreal forest ecology. We study, for the first time, the bacterial community of four species of reindeer lichens from eastern North America’s boreal forests. Using the 16S rRNA gene, we characterize the bacterial community of 189 lichen samples. We aim to analyse the effect of geography and host identity in the bacterial community composition and structure, verify the presence of a common core bacteria, and identify the most abundant core taxa. Our results suggest that host-lichen identity does not determine bacterial community composition and structure in reindeer lichens, but we confirm the influence of geography in shaping the diversity and abundance of bacteria associated with Cladonia stellaris. We also reveal that reindeer lichens share a reduced common core bacteria composed exclusively by Alphaproteobacteria. Northern lichen woodlands exhibit a significantly higher diversity and abundance of bacteria associated with C. stellaris than southern lichen woodlands do. The presence of the species Methylorosula polaris in the core bacteria is evident and may have a particular importance for reindeer lichens. bacteria,Cladonia stellaris,geography,host identity,ITS region,multi-species model,reindeer lichens,species delimitation,symbiotic interactions,thallus morphology | |||||
| 37175 | Ladd D. (2022): Biodiversity of Northwestern Arkansas: Lichens and associated fungi of Benton and Washington Counties. - Published by the author, St. Louis, 99 pp.. . An intensive initial survey of lichens and associated fungi was conducted in Benton and Washington counties, Arkansas, during 18 field days from May through October 2022, augmented by a review of existing specimens and scientific literature. A total of 418 taxa were documented, representing an exceptionally rich biodiversity of lichens for a small area in midcontinental North America. The study area encompasses the second and third most populated counties in Arkansas, both of which have undergone a period of rapid population growth and development. All of the study area lies within the greater Ozarks Ecoregion, with the northern portions of the area comprising part of the Ozark Highlands and the southern portion in the Boston Mountains. The matrix natural community types of the entire region were oak-hickory and oak-pine-hickory woodlands of varying densities, with large and small patch occurrences of bluff and canyon systems, glades, barrens, and limited occurrences of tallgrass prairie. Exposed bedrock in the region includes dolomite, limestone, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and occasional small chert outcrops, as well as locally abundant chert residuum ranging from boulders to pebbles. The project goal was to determine and document as much of the lichen and lichen-associated biodiversity as possible. Given the limited time available, emphasis was placed on fieldwork in existing protected landscapes, unique natural features, and natural areas in the counties, with attempts to survey examples of all habitats and substrates within each habitat type, as well as representative geographies and all ecoregions in the two counties. Additionally, specimens from several previous field visits by the author were reassessed, and specimens collected by others in conjunction with a 2005 field workshop in the area led by the author were included where appropriate. A database search was conducted for additional records held by any of the 168 herbaria around the globe participating in the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (CNALH) project. Of the 418 taxa documented during this study, there were 379 lichens (344 chlorolichens and 35 cyanolichens), 15 lichenicolous fungi, and 24 non-lichenized, non-lichenicolous fungi resembling or frequently associated with lichens. Thirty of these taxa are new records for Arkansas, and nine of these are also new records for the Ozark ecoregion, which includes portions of five states. Seven taxa have a global ranking of potential conservation concern, and a few other taxa are suggested as conservation priorities from state and local perspectives. The rich lichen diversity of the study area is largely a result of several large blocks of protected high-quality habitat, notably Beaver Lake Wildlife Management Area/Devil’s Eyebrow Natural Area, Devil’s Den State Park, Devil’s Eyebrow, Hobbs State Park-Conservation Area, and Kessler Mountain Regional Park, as well as an interconnecting matrix landscape with a large proportion of woodlands and diffuse rural development. Recent intensive development trends and practices, often implemented without regard to best practices for ecological sustainability, threaten the long-term viability of the rich natural systems that characterize this portion of the Ozarks, including the unique and rich cohort of non-vascular cryptogams that are a vital components of the region’s natural heritage and a living link to its natural and cultural history. Some general considerations and recommendations for conserving the region’s cryptogam diversity are discussed | |||||
| 37174 | Harada H. (2024): Saxicolous and corticolous species of Porina (lichenized Ascomycota) of Taiwan, East Asia. - Lichenology, 23(2): 109–123. . Twelve species of saxicolous and/ or corticolous Porina are reported from Taiwan, based on the collection made during a trip designated for clarifying a diversity of freshwater species of lichens, in 2005. The saxicolous Porina laii is described as new, and three species are newly added to the lichen flora of Taiwan: P. bacillifera, P. flavonigra and P. internigrans. Key words: lichens, freshwater lichens, new species, new record. | |||||
| 37173 | Harada H. (2024): Taxonomic study on calcicolous lichens of Japan (6). Lichinella yoshimurae sp. nov. (Lichinaceae). - Lichenology, 23(2): 83–91. . Lichinella yoshimurae is described as new from Japan. It is characterized by the following characters: thallus subfruticulose, squamulose, composed of repeatedly branched dorsiventral lobes, first forming rosette, becoming an almost spherical cushion; thallinocarpous apothecia terminal to subterminal, disciform, becoming constricted at base; thallus composed of filamentous hyphae, which forms a loose central strand; thalloid exciple composed of filamentous hyphae; ascospores 24 per ascus. It was found growing on limestone rocks, mixed with Lempholemma takanae, on limestone cliff, in Okayama-ken, western Japan. Key words: lichenized Ascomycota, cyanolichen, new species, taxonomy, biodiversity, ラン藻地衣, ツブノリ科. | |||||
| 37172 | Winkler A., Contardo T., Lapenta V., Sgamellotti A. & Loppi S. (2022): Assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter on cultural heritage by magnetic biomonitoring at Villa Farnesina in Rome, Italy. - Science of the Total Environment, 823: 153729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153729. Magnetic biomonitoring methodologies were applied at Villa Farnesina, Rome, a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, with loggias frescoed by renowned artists such as Raffaello Sanzio. Plant leaves were sampled in September and December 2020 and lichen transplants were exposed from October 2020 to early January 2021 at increasing distances from the main trafficked road, Lungotevere Farnesina, introducing an outdoor vs. indoor mixed sampling design aimed at assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter (PM) on the Villa Loggias. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens - inferred from magnetic susceptibility values, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves - showed that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with trace metals such as Cu, Ba and Sb, decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, and was mainly linked to metallic emission from vehicle brake abrasion. For the frescoed Halls, ca. 30 m from the road, the exposure to traffic-related emissions was very limited or negligible. Tree and shrub leaves of the Lungotevere and of the Villa's Gardens intercepted much traffic-derived PM, thus being able to protect the indoor cultural heritage and providing an essential conservation service. It is concluded that the joint use of magnetic and chemical analyses can profitably be used for evaluating the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage within complex metropolitan contexts as a preventive conservation measure. Magnetic biomonitoring, Traffic-related particulate matter, Lichen transplants, Brake wear, Cultural heritage, Preventive conservation | |||||
| 37171 | Tsafack N., Gabriel R., Elias R.B., Boieiro M., Ferreira M.T. & Borges P.A.V. (2022): Arthropods and other biota associated with the Azorean trees and shrubs: Laurus azorica (Seub) Franco (Magnoliophyta, Magnoliopsida, Laurales, Lauraceae). - BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL, 10. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80088. This study explores the composition and structure of species communities associated with the native Azorean tree species Laurus azorica (Seub) Franco (Magnoliophyta, Magnoliopsida, Laurales, Lauraceae). Communities were sampled in six Islands covering the occidental (Flores), central (Faial, Pico, Terceira) and eastern (São Miguel, Santa Maria) groups of Azores Archipelago during the BALA project, using standardised sampling protocols for surveying canopy arthropod fauna. In addition, the study characterises the distribution of species regarding their colonisation status and feeding modes and, finally, compares communities of different Islands.Ninety-four arthropod species totalling 10,313 specimens were collected on L. azorica. The Arthropod community was dominated by Hemiptera species, most of them being herbivores. Endemic and native species showed a very high abundance representing about 94% of the total species abundance. However, despite introduced species being represented by few individuals (6% of the total abundance), their diversity was remarkable (28 species and no significant difference with diversity found in endemic and native species communities). Analysis of rarity patterns revealed a stable community of endemic species (alpha gambin SAD model approaching a log-normal shape), intermediate stable community of native species (alpha SAD gambin model approaching a poisson log-normal) and a less stable community of introduced species (alpha SAD gambin model approaching a log-series shape). A dissimilarity analysis revealed high similarity between communities of Terceira and Pico and high dissimilarity between Flores and Faial communities. We observed a clear individualisation of the different islands when considering endemic species, whereas we observed high overlap when considering native and introduced species groups. Canopy community distribution confirms the results obtained in a previous study which suggest the stability of native and endemic arthropods species communities over introduced species community in native forests fragments.Arthropod species were richer than bryophytes, lichens and vascular plants species. We found that L. azorica serve as the substrate for very few vascular plants species (four epiphytes species), which were present in all Islands, except Elaphoglossum semicylindricum, which does not occur in Santa Maria. L. azorica shelters a significant number of bryophytes and lichens species. Thirty-two lichens and 92 bryophyte species, including 57 liverworts and 35 mosses, are referred to this phorophyte. Five bryophyte species, all Azorean endemics, are considered Endangered by IUCN Criteria. L. azorica harbours a poor community of epiphyte vascular plant species and all of them were ferns, but the community of bryophytes and lichens are not negligible although very low compared to the community found on other previously studied Azorean trees, the Azorean cedar Juniperus brevifolia.The present study shows that most islands present particular species distribution patterns without geographical correlation and that conservation programmes should be adapted to each Island. The study, therefore, calls for a specialisation of conservation programmes for each of the Islands. | |||||
| 37170 | McMullin R.T. & Allen J.L. (2022): An assessment of data accuracy and best practice recommendations for observations of lichens and other taxonomically difficult taxa on iNaturalist. - Botany, 100(6): 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0160. We assess the identification accuracy of ‘research grade’ observations of lichens posted on the online platform iNaturalist. Our results show that these observations are frequently misidentified or lack the necessary chemical and (or) microscopic information for accurate identification. Lichens are a taxonomically difficult group, but they are ubiquitous and eye-catching and are regularly the subject of observations posted on iNaturalist. Therefore, we provide best practice recommendations for posting lichen observations and commenting on observations. Data from iNaturalist are a valuable tool for understanding and managing biodiversity, particularly at this crucial time when large scale biodiversity decline is occurring globally. However, the data must be accurate for them to effectively support biodiversity conservation efforts. Our recommendations are also applicable to other taxonomically difficult taxa. biodiversity,conservation,citizen science,species at risk,data accuracy | |||||
| 37169 | Li J., Jiang S., Huang C. & Yang X. (2022): Atraric Acid Ameliorates Hyperpigmentation through the Downregulation of the PKA/CREB/MITF Signaling Pathway. - Int J Mol Sci, 23(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415952. Atraric acid (AA) is derived from lichens and is widely used in perfumes for its desirable scent. It has been reported as having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Hyperpigmentation is the underlying cause of a variety of dermatological diseases that have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and are frequently difficult to treat. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of AA on hyperpigmentation in vitro and in vivo and its potential molecular mechanisms. The cytological results revealed that at a dose of 250 μM, AA may reduce melanin content and tyrosinase levels without causing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the expression of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), phosphorylated protein kinase A (pPKA) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) were downregulated in AA-administrated cells. In vivo, histological analysis showed that AA could inhibit melanin production and tyrosinase activity, and 3% AA had the best activity, with almost no side effects. Furthermore, the results of Western blot analysis and RT-PCR suggested that AA may suppress the mRNA transcription of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein and tyrosine protease by decreasing the expression of MC1R, consequently decreasing the phosphorylation of PKA and CREB. Finally, the MC1R inhibitor MSG606 verified the hypothesis that AA suppresses melanin formation by downregulating the PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway. Taken together, our study offers valuable information for the development of AA as a possible ingredient in skin-lightening cosmeceuticals and hyperpigmentation inhibitors. Humans, *Melanins/metabolism, Down-Regulation, Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism, Quality of Life, Signal Transduction/physiology, *Hyperpigmentation/drug therapy/metabolism, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism, Mitf, PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway, atraric acid, hyperpigmentation, melanin | |||||
| 37168 | Lalremruata P., Lalmuanpuii R., Ralte V., Zothanmawia, Lalthanpuii P.B., Lalchhandama K. & Lalfakzuala R. (2022): Antioxidant and Phytochemical analysis of selected lichen species from Mizoram, India. - Journal of Phytology, : 31-35. https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2022.v14.7211. Lichens are an important source of biologically active substances, primarily phenols, which are well known for their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluated phytochemical constituents (flavonoids and phenols), and the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the selected lichens species viz. Usnea baileyi, Hypotrachyna cirrhata and Lobaria pulmonaria collected from Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram, India. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid of the various extracts varied from 31.11 to 67.84 mg of Gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight (GAE/g DW) and from 27.43 to 37.06 mg of Quercetin equivalent per gram dry weight (QE/g DW) respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract of tested samples showed a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value ranges from 133.6 µg/ml in L. pulmonaria to 243.9 µg/ml in U. baileyi. A comparison between lichens extract and positive control (BHT) showed a strong antioxidant capacity (IC50=10.81 μg/ml) of positive control than the lichens methanolic extract. A high negative and significant negative correlation (P<0.05) was observed between total phenol content and antioxidant activity IC50 of DPPH assay. Moreover, a positively high significant correlation was also obtained between total flavonoid and phenol content (P<0.01). The present study showed that bioactive compounds present in the lichen thallus may be used as good sources of natural antioxidants and a potential candidate for curing several ailments. | |||||
| 37167 | Islary P., Daimari R., Biswas S., Nayaka S., Joseph S. & Dwimary S. (2022): An enumeration of lichen diversity from Ultapani Forest Range of Kokrajhar District, Assam with Ocellularia calvescens andRhabdodiscus subcavatus, two new records in India. - Studies in Fungi, 7: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.48130/SIF-2022-0005. The occurence of 52 species of lichens belonging to 25 genera and 14 families from Ultapani, Saralpara and Labanyapur of Ultapani Forest Range of Kokrajhar district, Assam (India) is provided. The majority of the species are crustose with 43 species, foliose with seven species and fruticose and squamulose with one species each. This study added two new records Ocellularia calvescens (Fée) Müll. Arg. and Rhabdodiscus subcavatus (Nyl.) Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lumbsch for the first time to the Indian lichen biota. The family Diploschistaceae and Graphidaceae show luxuriant growth in the area followed by Pyrenulaceae and Trichotheliaceae. The genera Ocellularia is dominant with seven species followed by Pyrenula and Porina with six and four species respectively. Among the three areas, Ultapani showed maximum diversity of lichens compared to the other two. The dominance of Diploschistaceae and Graphidaceae members indicates semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest as well as smooth bark trees in the region that provides healthy forest with ecological continuity. | |||||
| 37166 | Halıcı M., Fryday A., Kahraman Yiğit M. & Avci F. (2022): An acid deficient population of Lambiella psephota from Antarctica and a new combination in the genus from Campbell Island with a world-wide key to the genus. - Biological Diversity and Conservation, . https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2022.1026394. Only two species of the lichen genus Lambiella are known from Antarctica: L. impavida and L. psephota. Here we report a new chemotype of L. psephota collected from James Ross Island in the North-East Antarctic Peninsula region. nrITS, mtSSU and RPB1 gene regions of the norstictic acid deficient L. psephota were obtained, which showed the new chemotype phylogenetically belongs to L. psephota. We also transfer Rimularia maculata to Lambiella, and provide an identification key of the 17 known species of Lambiella world-wide. | |||||
| 37165 | Laguna-Defior C., Pintado A., Green T.G.A., Blanquer J.M. & Sancho L.G. (2016): Distributional and ecophysiological study on the Antarctic lichens species pair Usnea antarctica/Usnea aurantiaco-atra. - Polar Biology, 39: 1183–1195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1832-7. The factors that control lichen distribution in Antarctica are still not well understood, and in this investigation we focused on the distribution, local and continental, and gas exchange of a species pair, closely related lichens with differing reproductive strategies, Usnea aurantiaco-atra (fertile) and Usnea antarctica (sterile, sorediate). The local distributions of these species were recorded along an altitudinal gradient of nearly 300 m at South Bay, Livingston Island, and microclimate was also recorded over 1 year. The photosynthetic responses to temperature, light and thallus water content were determined under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The species were almost identical in their photosynthetic profiles. Locally, on Livingston Island, U. antarctica was confined to low altitude sites which were warmer and drier, whilst U. aurantiaco-atra was present at all altitudes. This contrasts with its distribution across Antarctica where U. antarctica grows 9° latitude further south than U. aurantiaco-atra. Temperature appears not to be the main controller of distribution in these species, but dryness of habitat, which will influence length of activity periods, may be important. Keywords: Maritime Antarctica ; Lichens ; Usnea ; Ecophysiology ; Microclimate. | |||||
| 37164 | Jiang S., Qi T. & Niu Z. (2024): The soil and water conservation effects of different plant communities and biological soil crust symbiosis patterns in the ecologically fragile area of central Ningxia. - Land, 13(12): 2069 [14 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13122069. Biological soil crusts are complex biological soil layers formed by mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria, and the underlying soil, which together with plants affect rainfall infiltration, surface runoff, soil evaporation, and water movement in the soil. The soil desertification and soil erosion in the ecologically fragile areas of central Ningxia are serious problems, and the ecological environment is extremely fragile. Effective ecological restoration technologies are urgently needed. This study took the grassland in the ecologically fragile area of central Ningxia as the object and investigated the impact of three plant communities and symbiotic patterns of biological soil crusts on soil erosion through field simulated rainfall experiments. The results showed that: (1) At a rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1, the initial runoff time of each slope was significantly positively correlated with plant community type and biological soil crust coverage, and prolonged with the increase of plant community type and biological soil crust coverage. (2) With the extension of rainfall duration, the cumulative runoff on each slope exhibited an increasing trend. (3) The sediment concentration in runoff on slopes under different plant community and biological soil crust symbiotic patterns was significantly different, with the sediment concentration decreasing as the type of plant community and the coverage of biological soil crusts increased. (4) With the increase in the diversity of plant communities and the coverage of biological crusts, there was a gradual reduction in the volume of accumulated sediment. This study offers scientific management strategies and practical guidance for soil and water conservation efforts in the ecologically vulnerable areas of central Ningxia, highlighting the importance of promoting these symbiotic models within the region. Keywords: biological crust; plant community; simulated rainfall; soil erosion; soil and water conservation effect; ecologically fragile area. | |||||
| 37163 | Motiejūnaitė J. (2024): Kerpių ir su jomis susijusių grybų sąrašas [Checklist of lichens and allied fungi]. - In: Iršėnaitė R. (ed.), Lietuvos makroskopinių grybų ir kerpių sąvadas taksonai ir mikonimai [Compendium of Lithuanian macroscopic fungi and lichens taxa and myconyms], p. 49–81, Gamtos tyrimų centras, Vilnius. https://doi.org/10.35513/NRC.2024.1.03. [chapter in book; in Lithuanian with English abstract: ] The article contains a list of all lichen and allied fungus (lichenicolous and some saprotrophic) species recorded so far in Lithuania, which includes 775 species belonging to 262 genera. One species, namely Scytinium gelatinosum, is reported here for the first time in Lithuania. All species are provided with Lithuanian names. The history of lichen research and the development of Lithuanian names for lichens is briefly discussed. Keywords: lichenized fungi, lichenicolous fungi, names of lichens. | |||||
| 37162 | Cannone N., Malfasi F., Favero-Longo S. E., Convey P. et Guglielmin M. (2022): Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica. - Current Biology, 32: 1599-1606.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.074. The strong air temperature warming between the 1950s and 2016 in the Antarctic Peninsula region1 exceeded the global average warming2,3 with evident impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and the two native Antarctic vascular plants Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Subsequently, a short but intense cooling occurred from the Antarctic Peninsula to the South Orkney Islands (1999–2016),1,11, 12, 13 impacting terrestrial ecosystems, with reduced lichen growth14 and no further expansion of D. antarctica in the Argentine Islands.5 The strong warming trend is predicted to resume15 with expansion of ice-free areas and continued impacts on the abiotic and biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems including the ingression of non-native species3,8,16,17 as recently recorded at Signy Island (South Orkney Islands).18, 19, 20 In this study we document acceleration in the expansion of D. antarctica and C. quitensis in the last decade (2009–2018) at Signy Island, where the air temperature warming trend resumed in summer after 2012. We hypothesize that the striking expansion of these plants is mainly triggered by summer air warming and release from the limitation of fur seal disturbance. We also hypothesize that the “pulse” climatic event of the strong air cooling detected in 2012 did not appear to influence the vegetation community dynamics on this island. This is the first evidence in Antarctica for accelerated ecosystem responses to climate warming, confirming similar observations in the Northern Hemisphere. Our findings support the hypothesis that future warming will trigger significant changes in these fragile Antarctic ecosystems | |||||
| 37161 | Knudsen K., Urbanavichus G., Hodková E., Tsurykau A. & Kocourková J. (2022): Acarospora schorica is a Trimmatothelopsis [Acarospora schorica gehört zu Trimmatothelopsis]. - Herzogia, 35(2): 467-474. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.35.2.2022.467. Acarospora schorica is the oldest name for Trimmatothelopsis sphaerosperma and has priority. The new combination Trimmatothelopsis schorica is proposed. The species is recognized as occurring in Asia, Europe, and North America. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data verifies its placement in the genus Trimmatothelopsis | |||||
| 37160 | Bosanquet S.D.S. (2022): A review of non-vascular plant and fungal SSSI features in Wales - Lichens. - Natural Resources Wales Evidence Report, 369: 1-158. https://naturalresourceswales.gov.uk/media/695442/nrw-evidence-report-369-a-review-of-non-vascular-plant-and-fungal-sssi-features-in-wales-lichens-accessible.pdf. The lichen flora of Wales represents more than 70% of the British total, with more than 1300 recorded Welsh lichen species. This report evaluates 14 assemblages of lichens and more than 200 Red Listed lichen species, and identifies which assemblages and species qualify as SSSI features using the revised 2018 Guidelines for Selection of Biological SSSIs: Lichens and associated microfungi. A total of 109 SSSI across Wales have at least one lichen feature that qualifies for selection, of which 68 (62%) have at least one of those qualifying features listed as ‘notified’ in the NRW Features Database. Many sites have multiple qualifying features, and the extensive Eryri SSSI has six qualifying lichen assemblage features and an astonishing 45 qualifying lichen species features. The Southern Oceanic Woodland Index (SOWI) is the most frequently represented assemblage feature in Wales, with qualifying assemblages in 33 current SSSI, whilst the Upland Rainforest Index (URI) has qualifying assemblages on 28 SSSI. Teloschistes flavicans has been identified as qualifying on 12 SSSI and Lobaria pulmonaria on ten, and there is also good representation of species such as Fuscopannaria mediterranea that has a substantial proportion of its GB sites in Wales. Many Red Listed lichens are restricted to a very small number of SSSI, with a substantial proportion currently known from just a single site, making recognition of them as qualifying features especially important. Notification of lichen features has clearly been the result of happenstance and officer awareness, although a larger number of important lichen sites have been officially notified than is the case for bryophytes. Adding lichen features to existing SSSIs is complicated by lengthy statutory renotification procedures, but the current report at least sets out which features qualify and should be notified if possible. To ensure adequate protection of Red Listed lichen species and important lichen assemblages, some additional SSSI are needed, along with at least three extensions to existing SSSI. The great majority of qualifying sites identified during the current study are metal mines in Ceredigion Area of Search, some of which score more highly than existing mine SSSI in that AoS. There are several additional important SOWI sites, including in Montgomeryshire AoS and Carmarthen & Dinefwr AoS, along with single AQUI and Limestone Assemblage sites. Few notifications for single species are recommended, but the population of Pseudocyphellaria norvegica in Ceunant Mawr warrants SSSI status just for that species. Wales, United Kingdom | |||||
| 37159 | Tripathi A.H., Negi N., Gahtori R., Kumari A., Joshi P., Tewari L.M., Joshi Y., Bajpai R., Upreti D.K. & Upadhyay S.K. (2022): A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. . - Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 22(1):115-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520621666210322094647. Lichens are a composite consortium of a fungus and an alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens, due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world have known about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant antiproliferative potential, as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen-metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. This study presents an overview of lichen-derived extracts and compounds showing anti-cancer (or related) properties. The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichenextracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) -inhibiting agents. Various studies carried out to date show that lichen-extracts and metabolites have a range of anti-cancer and related properties that include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated EMT that is responsible for drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a substantial proportion of cases. Lichens are the repertoire of a plethora of lichen-metabolites with significant anti-cancer potential. However, some of the critical 'anti-cancer related' properties, such as the ability of EMT-inhibition and the potential of induction of apoptosis, are relatively less studied for several lichen compounds. Additionally, many lichen compounds need to be purified at a larger scale to explore their anti-cancer potential. Lichen-metabolites; anti-EMT; anti-cancer drugs; anti-inflammatory; anti-oxidative; anti-proliferative. | |||||
| 37158 | Poquita-Du R.C., Otte J., Calchera A. & Schmitt I. (2024): Genome-wide comparisons reveal extensive divergence within the lichen photobiont genus, Trebouxia. - Genome Biology and Evolution, 16(10): evae219 [14 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae219. The green algal genus Trebouxia is the most frequently encountered photobiont of the lichen symbiosis. The single-celled symbionts have a worldwide distribution, including all continents and climate zones. The vast, largely undescribed, diversity of Trebouxia lineages is currently grouped into four phylogenetic clades (A, C, I, and S), based on a multilocus phylogeny. Genomes are still scarce, however, and it is unclear how the phylogenetic diversity, the broad ecological tolerances, and the ability to form symbioses with many different fungal host species are reflected in genome-wide differences. Here, we generated PacBio-based de novo genomes of six Trebouxia lineages belonging to the Clades A and S, isolated from lichen individuals of the genus Umbilicaria. Sequences belonging to Clade S have been reported in a previous study, but were reassembled and reanalyzed here. Genome sizes ranged between 63.08 and 73.88 Mb. Repeat content accounted for 9% to 16% of the genome sequences. Based on RNA evidence, we predicted 14,109 to 16,701 gene models per genome, of which 5,203 belonged to a core set of gene families shared by all 6 lineages. Between 121 and 454, gene families are specific to each lineage. About 53% of the genes could be functionally annotated. The presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (6 to 17 per genome) suggests that Trebouxia algae are able to synthesize alkaloids, saccharides, terpenes, NRPSs, and T3PKSs. Phylogenomic comparisons of the six strains indicate prevalent gene gain during Trebouxia evolution. Some of the gene families that exhibited significant evolutionary changes (i.e. gene expansion and contraction) are associated with metabolic processes linked to protein phosphorylation, which is known to have a role in photosynthesis regulation, particularly under changing light conditions. Overall, there is substantial genomic divergence within the algal genus Trebouxia, which may contribute to the genus’ large ecological amplitude concerning fungal host diversity and climatic niches. Key words: green algal isolate, PacBio genome sequencing, comparative genomics, symbiosis, algal symbiont. | |||||
| 37157 | Wenzl M., Baumhoer C.A., Dietz A.J. & Kuenzer C. (2024): Vegetation changes in the Arctic: A review of Earth observation applications. - Remote Sensing , 16(23): 4509 [38 p.] . https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234509. The Arctic, characterised by severe climatic conditions and sparse vegetation, is experiencing rapid warming, with temperatures increasing by up to four times the global rate since 1979. Extensive impacts from these changes have far-reaching consequences for the global climate and energy balance. Satellite remote sensing is a valuable tool for monitoring Arctic vegetation dynamics, particularly in regions with limited ground observations. To investigate the ongoing impact of climate change on Arctic and sub-Arctic vegetation dynamics, a review of 162 studies published between 2000 and November 2024 was conducted. This review analyses the research objectives, spatial distribution of study areas, methods, and the temporal and spatial resolution of utilised satellite data. The key findings reveal circumpolar tendencies, including Arctic greening, lichen decline, shrub increase, and positive primary productivity trends. These changes impact the carbon balance in the tundra and affect specialised fauna and local communities. A large majority of studies conducted their analysis based on multispectral data, primarily using AVHRR, MODIS, and Landsat sensors. Although the warming of the Arctic is linked to greening trends, increased productivity, and shrub expansion, the diverse and localised ecological shifts are influenced by a multitude of complex factors. Furthermore, these changes can be challenging to observe due to difficult cloud cover and illumination conditions when acquiring optical satellite data. Additionally, the difficulty in validating these changes is compounded by the scarcity of in situ data. The fusion of satellite data with different spatial–temporal characteristics and sensor types, combined with methodological advancements, may help mitigate data gaps. This may be particularly crucial when assessing the Arctic’s potential role as a future carbon source or sink. Keywords: arctic; tundra; vegetation; greening; satellite; remote sensing; EO; climate change; review. | |||||
| 37156 | Follmann G. & Huneck S. (1969): Mitteilungen über Flechteninhaltsstoffe. LXIII. Zur Phytochemie und Chemotaxonomie der Graphidaceae
. - Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 32: 145–150. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.32.0_145. [in German with English summary: ] 1. Ten species of the crustose lichen family Graphidaceae have been analyzed microchemically and (or) by thin layer chromatography, eight of them for the first time. 2. In this group the main specific lichen substance seems to be the depsidone norstictic acid. 3. Hence, the ascohymenial Graphidaceae (Lecanorales) are not only anatomically but also metabolically clearly separated from the externally similar ascolocular Opegraphaceae (Hysteriales). | |||||
| 37155 | Sakurai Y. (1941): Über die Konstitution von Erythrin. - Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 61(3): 45–46. . | |||||
| 37154 | Heki M. & Satake K. (1950): Treatment of actinomycosis with usnic acid. - The Japanese Medical Journal, 2(5) [1949]: 244–250. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken1948.2.244. The effect of usnic acid in experimental actinomyces infection of guinea-pigs and also in a patient of the abdominal actinomycosis has been investigated. It was concluded that the injection of usnic acid reveals a favorable effect in actinomycosis. | |||||
| 37153 | Heki M., Nishikawa T. & Fujii M. (1952): Experimental studies in the treatment of tetanus and on a case of tetanus treated with usnic acid. - Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, 5(2): 89–100. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken1952.5.89. In experimental tetanus infection of mice, aureomycin, usnic acid and terramycin were chosen as the most recommendable remedies among 61 agents tested. The combined effectiveness of usnic acid and penicillin was also admirable. A case of tetanus, in which anti-tetanus serum, penicillin and myanecin could not help much, has been brought to prompt recovery from the disease with usnic acid. | |||||
| 37152 | Follmann G. & Huneck S. (1969): Mitteilungen über Flechteninhaltsstoffe. LIX. Zur Chemotaxonomie einiger Roccellaceen. - Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 32: 35–43. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.32.0_35. [in German with English summary: ] 1. Sixteen rare or critical Roccellaceae have been analyzed microchemically or by thin layer chromatography. 2. Roccella subpodicellata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. comb. nov. and Roccella subpodicellata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. f. complanata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. comb. nov. contain erythrin, Hubbsia lumbricoides Web., Roccella africana Wain., Roccella flaccida Del., Roccella linearis (Ach.) Wain. var. primaria Wain., Roccella montagnei Bel. f. obtusa Wain., Roccella podocarpa Wain., and Roccella tinctoria (L.) de Cand. erythrin and lecanoric acid, Dirina repanda (Fries) Nyl. erythrin and erythritol, Roccella maderensis (Stein.) Stein. erythrin and acetylportentol, Dirina capensis Fee lecanoric acid, Roccella mossamedana Wain. norstictic acid, Roccellodea nigerrima Darb. and Roccellographa cretacea Stein. psoromic acid, and Simonyella variegata Stein. the new lichen substance simonyellin. 3. New combinations are Roccella subpodicellata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. comb. nov. and Roccella subpodicellata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. comb. nov. f. complanata (Wain.) Follm. et Hun. comb. nov. 4. Roccella linearis (Ach.) Wain. var. primaria Wain. has to be retained. 5. The chemotaxonomical relations of the forms studied are discussed. | |||||
| 37151 | Feige G.B., Viethen B., Geyer M. & Follmann G. (1986): Untersuchungen zur Phytochemie der Flechtenfamilie Roccellaceae Chev. I. Über die Sekundärstoffe und Chemotypen von Roccella hypomecha (Ach.) Bory. - Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 60: 143–148. https://doi.org/10.18968/jhbl.60.0_143. [in German with English summary: ] Several morphologically undistinguishable specimens (97) of the South African shrublike lichen Roccella hypomecha (Ach.) Bory proved to be extremely variable in their pattern of secondary products by high performance liquid chromatography: Five different chemotypes indicate the non-uniformity of the species complex. The dibenzofurane schizopeltic acid is demonstrated for the first time in the genus Roccella, whereas the depsides lecanoric acid and erythrin represent new findings for Roccella hypomecha (Ach.) Bory. The chemotypes with schizopeltic acid (2) can be regarded as highly derived taxa. | |||||
| 37150 | Asahina Y. & Sakurai Y. (1951): Über die Bestandteile von Cladonia submitis Evans. - Journal of Pharmaceitical Society of Japan, 71(10): 1166. . a new aliphatic lichen substance, pseudonorrangiformic acid, isolated and described from Cladonia submitis | |||||
| 37149 | Orange A. (2022): A lichen survey of the Gwydyr Forest Mines. - NRW Evidence Report No: 600, Natural Resources Wales, Bangor, 108 pp. https://naturalresources.wales/media/695099/nrw-evidence-report-600-lichen-survey-of-gwydyr-forest-mines-accessible.pdf. This report surveys lichens in 23 SSSI units in Gwydyr Forest. It identifies 18 Metallophyte Habitat Index species, exceeding the SSSI threshold. Two species are newly recorded in Britain, with two others potentially undescribed. Metallophyte richness is constrained by habitat factors, and threats include plant colonization and conifer encroachment. Conservation efforts must address site-wide biodiversity, as no single site supports all species. Recreational disturbance is minimal. Recommendations include managing vegetation and exposing spoil selectively | |||||
| 37148 | Макрый Т.В. [Makryi T.V.] (2022): Слизистые цианобионтные лишайники Оренбургского заповедника (Южный Урал, Россия) [Сyanolichens of Orenburg nature reserve (Southern Urals, Russia)]. - Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Биология. Экология [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University], 41: 35–44. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2022.41.35. [in Russian with English abstract: ] Cyanobiont lichens are one of the most ancient groups of organisms. They are of great interest to researchers, but so far the ranges and ecology of many even well-known species have not been well studied. The data on 23 species of jelly cyanobiont lichens from the families Lichinaceae (eight species, six genera) and Collemataceae (fifteen species, five genera), are discovered on the territory of Orenburg State Nature Reserve, are provided. The studies were carried out in 3 cluster areas of the reserve: Cis-Ural steppe, Burtinskaya steppe and Aytuarskaya steppe. The most interesting area is the Aytuar steppe, represented by a network of deeply incised picturesque gullies, since there are outcrops of carbonate rocks that are very favorable for cyanobiont lichens to inhabit. Localities, habitats, substrate, and dates of specimen collections are reported. Literature data on cyanolichens found earlier on the territory of the reserve are taken into account. Most of the species found on the territory of the Orenburg Reserve are known in the Middle Urals (Sverdlovsk region). Anema tumidulum was recorded for the first time in the Urals, the second time in Russia; three species, A. nummularium, Synalissa symphorea and Thyrea confusa are new to the Southern Urals, six species, Anema decipiens, Enchylium polycarpon, Lathagrium auriforme, L. undulatum, Scytinium plicatile, S. schraderi, are new to the Orenburg Region. Most of the species were found in the Shinbutak gully. The findings of representatives of the Lichinaceae family, and especially of three species of Anema, which are obligate calciphilous epilithic lichens, are the most interesting. The species Collema minor, previously listed for the Reserve, has been excluded from the list of species as dubious. Keywords: cyanolichens, new records, Orenburg Region. | |||||
| 37147 | Лиштва А.В. [Lishtva A.V.] (2023): Новинки в лихенофлоре заповедника «Витимский» (Восточная Сибирь) [Novelties in the lichenoflora of the Vitimsky Reserve (East Siberia]. - Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Биология. Экология [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University], 45: 21–31. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2023.45.21. [in Russian with English abstract: ] As a result of lichenological studies in the vicinity of Lake Oron (Vitimsky State Nature Reserve) and revision of herbarium material, 9 species of lichens were identified that had not previously been listed for a specially protected natural area. Some of the identified species have a wide distribution (Absconditella lignicola, Bryoria americana, Pyxine meissneriana, Trapeliopsis flexuosa and Multiclavula vernalis), and some have limited ranges covering only the eastern part of Asia, Alaska and Southern Siberia (“Cetraria” annae, Parmelina yalungana and Phaeophyscia dessecta), with “Cetraria” annae and Phaeophyscia dessecta so far they are known only for the territory of Russia. Some of these species (Absconditella lignicola, Trapeliopsis flexuosa and Multiclavula vernalis) probably have a wider distribution in the reserve, but without spore-bearing structures they are difficult to identify. Herbarium material attributed to Parmelina yalungana does not raise doubts regarding its species identity, however, the discovery of specimens with a macular upper surface in eastern Eurasia requires additional careful study. Keywords: lichens, distribution, South Siberia, Vitimsky Reserve. | |||||
| 37146 | Лиштва А.В. [Lishtva A.V.] (2022): Дополнение к лихенофлоре государственного природного заповедника «Витимский» [Supplement to the lichenoflora of the Vitimsky state nature reserve]. - Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Биология. Экология [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University], 39: 72–77. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2022.39.72. [in Russian with English abstract: ] Previously, 425 species were known in the lichen flora of the Vitimsky State Nature Reserve (southern Siberia, north of the Irkutsk region). This list was later supplemented with 11 more species. In 2018-2021, a collection of specimens was collected in three new areas of the reserve, in which 36 lichen species, not previously known for the reserve, were identified, among which two (Chaenothecopsis nigropedata and Lichenomphalia velutina) are new for South Siberia. The report provides a list of these species, specifying for each one the substrate on which the lichen is marked, as well as the location in which the specimen was collected. Keywords: lichens, South Siberia, Vitimsky Reserve. | |||||
| 37145 | Лиштва А.В. [Lishtva A.V.] (2013): Эпифитные лишайники островов реки Ангары в зоне затопления Богучанской ГЭС [Epiphytic lichens on islands of the Angara River in the flooding area of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station]. - Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Биология. Экология [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University], 6: 118–122. . [in Russian with English abstract: ] I investigated diversity of three islands on Angara River in the flooding area of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station. 136 species of epiphytic lichens from 62 genera have been revealed. Such species as Leptogium asiaticum, Menegazzia terebrata, Platismatia glauca, Sticta wrightii, Usnocetraria oakesiana are endangered and threatened in the region. Key words: Epiphitic lichens, Angara river, islands, Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station. | |||||
| 37144 | Истомина Н.Б. & Лихачева О.В. [Istomina N.B. & Likhacheva O.V.] (2021): Факторы, влияющие на разнообразие лишайников в усадебных парках Псковской области [Factors affecting lichen diversity in manor parks of Pskov Region (Northwestern Russia)]. - Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Биология. Экология [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University], 35: 19–33. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2021.35.19. [in Russian with English abstract: ] The article describes the results of studies of the factors affecting lichen diversity in 46 manor parks of the region of Pskov. The investigated parks were founded in the end of XVIII – beginning of XX centuries. Twenty of them are fragmented and currently occupy less than 5 ha, the area of nine parks varies from 5 to 10 ha, those preserved within historical boundaries cover from 11 to 100 ha. Manor parks are situated both within the settlements’ boundaries (31 parks) and outside the settlements either bordering forest (12) or agricultural lands (3). Ten of the former border the forests. During the study 166 lichen species were identified. Statistical methods were performed to investigate the factors affecting lichen diversity in manor parks. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the dependence of the lichens species number on the park age/date of park creation (dispersion pattern), area of the parks (box plot), substrata diversity (dispersion pattern), and the dependence of the epiphytic lichens species number on tree and shrub species diversity (dispersion pattern). With the biserial correlation coefficient the impact of the settlement and the presence of the surrounding natural forests was calculated. Correlation analysis was performed to demonstrate the colligation between lichen species composition of the parks located in different subzones of forest zone in the region of Pskov. Our findings show that the number of lichen species depends on the park area (p = 0,0315), the variety of substrate types (p ˂ 0,001), and the variety of trees and bushes planted (p ˂ 0,001). The date of park creation and the presence of the surrounding natural forests do not influence the species diversity of lichens. We reveal that the location of the parks in a specific subzone of forest zone (southern taiga and mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forest) has no significant effect on the lichen species composition. The species richness of lichens tends to decrease in parks located within the settlements. The data obtained indicate not only the similarity of the species composition of lichens in the studied communities, but also the long-term development of lichen park communities in comparable climatic and landscape conditions. | |||||
| 37143 | Navas Romero A.L., Herrera Moratta M.A., Fernández-Maldonado V., Martínez Carretero E., Mazza G. & Rodriguez R. (2024): Impact of soil biological crusts on the sustainability of arid ecosystems in central-western Argentina: their influence on nutrient dynamics and soil properties. - Sustainability, 16: 10468 [22 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310468. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are common in arid and semi-arid regions, found in vegetation patches and interpatches. However, their distribution, functionality, and composition studies are limited, especially in South America and Argentina. This study assessed the functional differences in BSCs between patches and interpatches focusing on their role as fertility islands. Sixty plots were analyzed at two sites, measuring the soil’s composition, diversity, and physical and chemical properties, including stability, compaction, temperature, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and pH. The results showed similar BSC coverage in patches and interpatches but with compositional variations: mosses dominated patches, while cyanobacteria and lichens were more common in interpatches. BSCs enhance soil stability, moisture retention, nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus availability, which are essential for soil health and ecosystem functionality. The observed variations across microenvironments are crucial for sustainability. Understanding these dynamics is vital for managing arid ecosystems, as healthy BSCs mitigate erosion, improve nutrient cycling, and enhance resilience to climate change. Preserving and managing BSCs composition and distribution are essential for the sustainability of these ecosystems in the region. Keywords: fertility islands; interpatches; microhabitats; patches; soil stability. | |||||
| 37142 | Akác A., Buczkó K., Cser B., Farkas E., Lőkös L., Molnár C., Stenger-Kovács C., Szűcs P. & Varga N. (2024): Taxonomical and chorological notes 19 (195–199). - Studia botanica hungarica, 55(1): 169–180. DOI: 10.17110/StudBot.2024.55.1.169. Floristical records of five cryptogamic plants (algae, lichen-forming fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes) are reported from Hungary, i.e. the fifth records of the rare lichen-species Hypotrachyna revoluta and Parmelia submontana, the fourth occurrences of the spreading alga Surirella tientsinensis and the very rare bryophyte Sciuro-hypnum reflexum, as well as a new Hungarian locality of the pteridophyte species Polystichum ×bicknellii. Key words: algae, bryophytes, lichen-forming fungi, Hungary. | |||||
| 37141 | Németh C. (2024): Contributions to the knowledge of the nectrioid bryophilous and lichenicolous fungi (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) of Hungary. - Studia botanica hungarica, 55(1): 141–153. DOI: 10.17110/StudBot.2024.55.1.141. The study reports the discovery of three bryophilous and six lichenicolous species of nectrioid Sordariomycetes in Hungary. The bryophilous species Bryocentria brongniartii was found to be growing on Frullania dilatata, B. metzgeriae on Radula complanata and Metzgeria furcata, while Nectria muscivora on Barbula unguiculata and Didymodon cordatus. The lichenicolous species Paranectria oropensis was collected on Candelaria concolor, Physcia adscendens, Physconia enteroxantha and Melanelixia glabratula, Pronectria oligospora on Punctelia subrudecta, Pronectria pertusariicola on Pertusaria albescens, while Nectriopsis rubefaciens on Parmelia sulcata and Hypogymnia physodes. Xenonectriella septemseptata was found on Melanelixia glabratula, while X. subimperspicua was observed on Melanelixia glabratula and Hypogymnia physodes. This is the first report to document Hypogymnia physodes as a host for Xenonectriella subimperspicua. Key words: biotrophic parasite, bryophilous fungi, lichenicolous fungi, necrotrophic parasite, Sordariomycetes. | |||||
| 37140 | Parul K. (2022): A review on past, present and future of ethnobotany in India. - Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13: 1602-1606. URL: https://www.pnrjournal.com/index.php/home/article/view/2391. Ethnobotany was worked to incorporate plant concentrates as well as investigations of green growth, lichens, and parasites. It is firmly connected with the science of scientific classification, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, environment, and preservation. So as to feature the therapeutic utilization of plants and there pharmacological angles, this article audits various ethnobotany messages and papers, and furthermore clarifies the extent of ethnobotany. It incorporates a concise survey of ethnobotany in India, onpast, present and future | |||||
| 37139 | Ahti T. (1977): Lichens of the boreal coniferous zone. – In: Seaward, M. R. D. (ed.), Lichen ecology. - London, New York, San Francisco: Academic Press, pp. 145–181. . The boreal zone, spanning circumpolar regions in Eurasia and North America, is dominated by coniferous forests, with extensive areas of deciduous growth in Scandinavia, Kamchatka, and Canada. This region, integral to understanding lichen ecology, includes both latitudinal and altitudinal zones influenced by climatic and edaphic factors. Lichens are vital in boreal ecosystems, displaying diverse distributions and adaptations, but remain underexplored in vast areas of Siberia and Canada | |||||
| 37138 | Prieto M., Wedin M. & Schultz M. (2024): Phylogeny, evolution and a re-classification of the Lichinomycetes. - Studies in Mycology, 109: 595–655. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.09. The Lichinomycetes is an independent lichenized lineage within the Ascomycota comprising ca. 390 species and 50 genera. Very few studies have dealt with family and genus classification using molecular data and many groups are in need of thorough revision. Thus, we constructed a multilocus phylogeny (mtSSU, RPB2 and mcm7 gene regions) including 190 specimens of Lichinomycetes belonging to 126 species. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses were carried out to trace the evolution of selected characters. The current classification scheme of the Lichinomycetes based on morphological and anatomical characters is in great conflict with the phylogenetic relationships resulting from the present study. The results suggest substantial non-monophyly at the family and genus levels. A revised classification is proposed here and an overview of genera accepted in the Lichinomycetes is given. Ancestral Lichinomycetes are reconstructed as crustose with pycnoascocarps and octosporous asci. We used a combination of characters to delineate groups including the ascoma development and the type of asci. The revised classification includes 11 new genera, five resurrected genera, and 54 new combinations distributed in four families (three emended and one new). Three new species are also described. Key words: ancestral reconstruction, ascoma ontogeny, Heppiaceae, Gloeoheppiaceae, Lichinaceae, new taxa, Peltulaceae. Taxonomic novelties: New family: Lichinellaceae M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New genera: Allopyrenis M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Gonotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lapismalleus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lingolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paludolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paracyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Peltolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pycnolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New species: Paracyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon persimile M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New combinations: Allopyrenis grumulifera (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis haemaleella (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis impolita (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis phaeococca (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis reducta (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis sanguinea (Anzi) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis tenuis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis densisidiata (Aptroot et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis foederata (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis guyanensis (M. Schultz et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis palmana (J. Steiner) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis polycocca (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia canariensis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia concordatula (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Gonotichia octosporella (Lettau) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lapismalleus lugubris (A. Massal.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lemmopsis lutophila (Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lempholemma segregatum (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lichinella baicalensis (Makryi) M. Schultz, Lichinella etoshica (Brusse) M. Schultz, Lichinella lusitanica (Henssen) M. Schultz, Lichinella pulvinata (E. Dahl) M. Schultz, Lichinella schleicheri (Hepp) M. Schultz, Lichinella terrestris (Makryi) M. Schultz, Lingolemma lingulatum (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paludolemma syreniarum (C.J. Lewis & M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Peltolemma socotranum (M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum aotearoa (Henssen & B. Bartlett) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum cylindrophorum (Vain.) M. Schultz, Phylliscum laatokkaense (Vain.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum neglectum (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum permiscens (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum rhodostictum (Taylor) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus antarcticus (Cromb.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus macrosporus (Henssen et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus minutissimus (Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus rosulans (A. Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus tasmanicus (A. Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus willeyi (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudotichia vermiculata (Nyl.) Schultz & M. Prieto, Pycnolemma polycarpum (M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina botryosa (A. Massal.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina cladodes (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina condensata (Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina degeliana (P.M. Jørg.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina dispansa (H. Magn.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina intricatissima (J. Steiner) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina vesiculifera (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya arnoldii (Frauenf.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya lacustris (P.M. Jørg. & R. Sant.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya neglecta (Erichsen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya obtenebrans (Nyl.) M. Schultz, Thyrea osorioi (Henssen) M. Schultz. New status and combination: Gonotichia depauperata (Servít) M. Schultz & M. Prieto. Emended description: Lempholemma Körb., Lichina C. Agardh, Thelignya A. Massal., Lichinaceae Nyl., Phylliscaceae Th. Fr., Porocyphaceae Körb. Resurrection: Cladopsis Nyl., Collemopsis Nyl. ex Crombie, Forssellia Zahlbr., Pleopyrenis Clem., Synalissina Nyl. | |||||
| 37137 | May T.W., Bensch K., Groenewald J.Z., Houbraken J. & Rossman A.Y. (2024): XII International Mycological Congress: report of Congress action on nomenclature proposals relating to fungi. - IMA Fungus, 15: 36 [8 p.] . https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-024-00169-2. Procedures, appointments and outcomes of the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the XII International Mycological Congress (IMC12) are summarized, including the composition of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau and the Nominating Committee of the IMC. Between 124 and 322 mycologists attended the three sessions of the FNS, at which formal proposals to amend Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants were debated. The 15 proposals considered included eight "from the floor", five of which were withdrawn prior to the FNS. One of the withdrawn proposals was directed to the Editorial Committee for Fungi, in relation to adding examples of best practice when citing living cultures as types. Among the seven proposals published in Taxon, one proposal with a high “no” vote in the Guiding Vote was not re-introduced. Discussion on one proposal led to the authorization of a Special-purpose Committees on “Genomes as Types for Fungi”. For the eight proposals that were put to a vote, two proposals were rejected and six proposals were accepted. The accepted proposals: (1) clarified that a proposal to conserve a name with a conserved type does not require citation of a typification identifier; (2) clarified procedures to protect and reject names of fungi; (3) removed the need to list synonyms of protected names in the Code appendices; (4) clarified that an earlier homonym of a sanctioned name remains unavailable if the sanctioned name is rejected outright; (5) recommended that culture collections or biological resource centres where cultures are lodged should be “public”; and (6) recommended that when original type cultures are lost, neotypification should utilize the progeny of ex-type cultures. Appointments made by the FNS included the Secretary of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau for IMC13, the officers and members of the Editorial Committee for Fungi, and the officers and members of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Fungi. Decisions and appointments of the FNS were ratified in a resolution accepted by the plenary session of the Congress. Keywords: Code, Fungal Nomenclature Bureau, Fungal Nomenclature Session, ICNafp, Nomenclature Committee for Fungi, Special-purpose Committee. | |||||
| 37136 | Waters D. P. (2022): A Checklist of the Lichens and Allied Fungi of Five Mile Woods Preserve, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. - Bartonia, 71: 31-40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27193115. A checklist of the lichen flora of Five Mile Woods Preserve in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, is presented. It is derived from a lichen biodiversity inventory of the 295-acre tract, which yielded collections representing 55 taxa. Catillaria chalybeia and Hyperphyscia adglutinata are reported as new records for Pennsylvania | |||||
| 37135 | Waters D. P. (2022): A Checklist of the Lichens and Allied Fungi of Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. - Bartonia, 71: 20-30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27193114. A checklist of the lichen flora of Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve is presented. It is derived from a lichen biodiversity inventory of the 134-acre tract, which yielded collections representing 77 taxa. Fellhanera montesfumosi, Lecanora subpallens, and Thelenella brasiliensis are reported as new records for Pennsylvania | |||||
| 37134 | Song H., Kim K.-T., Park S.-Y., Lee G.-W., Choi J., Jeon J., Cheong K., Choi G., Hur J.-S. et Lee Y.-H. (2022): A comparative genomic analysis of lichen-forming fungi reveals new insights into fungal lifestyles. - Scientific Reports, 12: 10724. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14340-5. Lichen-forming fungi are mutualistic symbionts of green algae or cyanobacteria. We report the comparative analysis of six genomes of lichen-forming fungi in classes Eurotiomycetes and Lecanoromycetes to identify genomic information related to their symbiotic lifestyle. The lichen-forming fungi exhibited genome reduction via the loss of dispensable genes encoding plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes, sugar transporters, and transcription factors. The loss of these genes reflects the symbiotic biology of lichens, such as the absence of pectin in the algal cell wall and obtaining specific sugars from photosynthetic partners. The lichens also gained many lineage- and species-specific genes, including those encoding small secreted proteins. These genes are primarily induced during the early stage of lichen symbiosis, indicating their significant roles in the establishment of lichen symbiosis.Our findings provide comprehensive genomic information for six lichen-forming fungi and novel insights into lichen biology and the evolution of symbiosis | |||||
| 37133 | Meyer K. (2023): The Symbiosis of Lichenometry And Radiocarbon Dating: A Bayesian Chronology of Alpine hunting in Colorado’s Southern Rocky Mountains, USA. - Radiocarbon, 65: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2023.58. Archaeologists keep a limited arsenal of methods for dating stone features at alpine sites. Radiocarbon ( ¹⁴ C) dating is rarely possible, and it is common that dates do not accurately represent the activity of interest (stone feature construction). In this paper I review a legacy set of 89 ¹⁴ C dates for stone driveline sites built by hunter-gatherers in Colorado’s Southern Rocky Mountains. I amend the sample of dates using chronometric hygiene and focus on dates with direct association to hunting features. I then present a newly calibrated set of 29 lichenometric dates for rock features at these sites and use hygiene protocols to remove inaccurate dates. Size-frequency lichenometry, though poorly known in archaeology, provides a way to date stone features indirectly by measuring the growth of long-lived lichens that colonize rock surfaces after construction events. Bayesian modeling of the combined set of dates suggests that the tradition of alpine game driving spans over 6000 years BP, with abundant use over the last 2000 years. Archaeologists must use multiple methods for dating stone features in alpine environments. This Bayesian analysis is a formal effort to combine lichenometry and ¹⁴ C dating for archaeological interpretation | |||||
| 37132 | Ram T. (2023): The lichen genus Letrouitia in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. - Nelumbo, 65(2): 92-96. https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/173237. Six species of Letrouitia are recorded from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Letrouitia flavidula (Tuck.) Hafellner and L. parabola (Nyl.) R. Sant. & Hafellner are reported as new records for India and Letrouitia aureola (Tuck.) Hafellner & Bellem., L. flavocrocea (Nyl.) Hafellner & Bellem. and L. muralis Hafellner as new records for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands | |||||
| 37131 | Kantvilas G. & Motiejūnaitė J. (2023): Two new lichenicolous species of Arthonia (Ascomycota: Arthoniomycetes) from Tasmania. - Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 60: 13-19. https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2023.60.03. Eight lichenicolous species of Arthonia from Tasmania are treated. Two are described as new: A. aurantia Kantvilas & Motiej., which infects the thallus of a Leprocaulon-like lichen and is characterised by vivid orange, K+ magenta ascomata, 0.07−0.1(−0.15) mm wide, and 1-septate, macrocephalic ascospores, 10−12.5(−13.5) × 4−5.5 µm; and A. endocarpa Kantvilas & Motiej., which infects the apothecia of Amandinea neoconglomerata Elix, and has non-amyloid asci interspersed with those of the host, and is characterised by 1-septate, macrocephalic ascospores, 8.5−13 × 4.5−6 µm. Two other species, A. epiphyscia Nyl. and A. stictaria Nyl., are here recorded for Tasmania for the first time. Salient features of all species are compared. Arthoniaceae, lichens, parasymbionts, taxonomy, Australia | |||||
| 37130 | Roux C., Gonnet D., Gonnet O. & Poumarat S. (2023): Zwackhiomyces lecaniae D. Gonnet, O. Gonnet et Cl. Roux sp. nov., champignon lichénicole non lichénisé, et clé des Zwackhiomyces (Ascomycota, Xanthopyreniaceae). - Bull. Soc. linn. Provence, 74: 131-146. . Description of a new species of non – lichenized lichenicolous fungus, Zwackhiomyces lecaniae D. Gonnet, O. Gonnet & Cl. Roux, parasite on the thallus and apothecia of Lecania olivacella (note on the latter). Comparison of the new species with other known Zwackhiomyces. Corrigendum to the I reactions of Zwackhiomyces indicated by Poumarat et al. (2022). Key to the species of Zwackhiomyces. France. Zwackhiomyces lecaniae D.Gonnet, O.Gonnet & Cl.Roux (on Lecania olivacella from France). Includes key to Zwackhiomyces | |||||
| 37129 | Wirth V., Müller J., Pfiz M., Loris K. & Küppers M. (2010): Lichen distribution along an ocean-inland transect in the fog zone of the Central Namib. - Biodiversity in Southern Africa, 2: 112–117. . The lichen flora on gravel plains in the Namib-Desert fog zone north of Swakopmund in Namibia was investigated at 25 sites along a transect extending from the coast 40 km inland. In total, 42 lichen species were found, classified into four groups with different distribution patterns: (1) species present both inland and along the coast, (2) species restricted to the coast, (3) species common inland but absent from the coast, and (4) species occupying zones further inland. Both climatic and mechanical factors affect these lichen distribution patterns | |||||
| 37128 | Nagar S., Pigott M., Kukula-Koch W. & Sheridan H. (2023): Unravelling Novel Phytochemicals and Anticholinesterase Activity in Irish Cladonia portentosa. - Molecules, 28(10): 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104145. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors remain the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The natural world is rich in acetylcholinesterase inhibitory molecules, and research efforts to identify novel leads is ongoing. Cladonia portentosa, commonly known as reindeer lichen, is an abundant lichen species found in Irish Boglands. The methanol extract of Irish C. portentosa was identified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory lead using qualitative TLC-bioautography in a screening program. To identify the active components, the extract was deconvoluted using a successive extraction process with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to isolate the active fraction. The hexane extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity and was selected for further phytochemical investigations. Olivetolic acid, 4-O-methylolivetolcarboxylic acid, perlatolic acid and usnic acid were isolated and characterized using ESI-MS and two-dimensional NMR techniques. LC-MS analysis also determined the presence of the additional usnic acid derivatives, placodiolic and pseudoplacodiolic acids. Assays of the isolated components confirmed that the observed anticholinesterase activity of C. portentosa can be attributed to usnic acid (25% inhibition at 125 µM) and perlatolic acid (20% inhibition at 250 µM), which were both reported inhibitors. This is the first report of isolation of olivetolic and 4-O-methylolivetolcarboxylic acids and the identification of placodiolic and pseudoplacodiolic acids from C. portentosa. 4-O-methylolivetolcarboxylic acid; LC-MS; fragmentation mechanism; olivetolic acid; perlatolic acid; placodiolic acid; pseudoplacodiolic acid; usnic acid. | |||||
| 37127 | Saraswat H., Nayaka S. & Agrawal K. (2023): Some new records of monument colonizing lichens from Rajasthan, India. - Bioinfolet, 20: 7-12. . New records, Lichen, Monuments, Rajasthan, India. | |||||
| 37126 | Ramírez N., Sigurbjörnsdóttir M.A., Monteil C., Berge O., Heiðmarsson S., Jackson R.W., Morris C. & Vilhelmsson O. (2023): Pseudomonas syringae isolated in lichens for the first time: Unveiling Peltigera genus as the exclusive host. - Environ Microbiol, 25(12): 3502-3511. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16490. Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial complex that is widespread through a range of environments, typically associated with plants where it can be pathogenic, but also found in non-plant environments such as clouds, precipitation, and surface waters. Understanding its distribution within the environment, and the habitats it occupies, is important for examining its evolution and understanding behaviours. After a recent study found P. syringae living among a range of vascular plant species in Iceland, we questioned whether lichens could harbour P. syringae. Sixteen different species of lichens were sampled all over Iceland, but only one lichen genus, Peltigera, was found to consistently harbour P. syringae. Phylogenetic analyses of P. syringae from 10 sampling points where lichen, tracheophyte, and/or moss were simultaneously collected showed significant differences between sampling points, but not between different plants and lichens from the same point. Furthermore, while there were similarities in the P. syringae population in tracheophytes and Peltigera, the densities in Peltigera thalli were lower than in moss and tracheophyte samples. This discovery suggests P. syringae strains can localize and survive in organisms beyond higher plants, and thus reveals opportunities for studying their influence on P. syringae evolution. Phylogeny, Pseudomonas syringae/genetics, *Lichens, *Bryophyta, Plants | |||||
| 37125 | Pacle M., Apura J. & Paran R. (2022): Species Richness Of Macrolichens In Mt. Sapinit, Sitio Dagulos, La Roxas, Maramag, Bukidnon. - International Journal of Applied Science and Research, 06: 167-179. https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5495. The species richness of macrolichens in Mt. Sapinit, SitioDagulos, and MaramagBukidnon was investigated. The main objective of the study is to determine the species richness of macrolichens in the vicinity of Mt. Sapinit. Transect walk and quadrat sampling were carried out in the collection of macrolichens. The gathering and identification of specimens collected was based on standard taxonomical procedure. Results of the study revealed a total of 20 species classified into 7 genera and 13 families. The most family-rich species belong to the family Lobariaceae, and the least family-rich belong to Ramalinaceae, Collemataceae, and Dictyonemaceae. Most of the epiphytic macrolichens belong to the family Parmeliaceae, which dominates the entire montane forest. The distribution of macrolichens across the area occurs in the bark of the tree, logs and twigs, and in tree branches.Elevation also have impact to the growth of lichen species. Higher elevations appear to provide suitable condition for many lichen species to thrive. Thus, the need to preserve the forest ecosystem is essential in order to conserve the lichen communities. | |||||
| 37124 | Li X., Sun J., Zhang H., Tan H., Hui R., Qi J., Zhang P. & Ward N.D. (2023): Warming decreases desert ecosystem functioning by altering biocrusts in drylands. - Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(12): 2676-2687. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14528. Abstract Warming and precipitation fluctuations are changing desert ecosystems in global drylands. However, the effects of climate change on keystone species such as cryptogamic biocrust in drylands remain relatively under-investigated, even though biocrusts play a vital role in desert ecosystems. We conducted a long-term experiment (14 years) to simulate the responses of two main types of biocrusts to warming coupled with reduction in precipitation that was achieved by open-top chambers (OTCs) to simulate the predicted warming and precipitation decreasing under climate change scenario. We also conduct a structural analysis to evaluate the resulting changes in desert ecosystem functioning (carbon and nitrogen cycling). Neither warming and corresponding rainfall reduction treatments had a negative effect on lichen species richness, but both treatments reduced lichen cover and biomass. The negative effects of warming on moss-dominated crusts were much greater than those on lichen-dominated crusts. Although mosses and lichens had varying degree responses to warming, the loss of mosses and decreased lichen cover and biomass, as well as the shortening of the wet time, resulted in a reduction in carbon and nitrogen fixation, soil enzyme activity and water-holding capacity of biocrusts and topsoil. These impacts collectively change the water balance of drylands and weaken the hydrological and biogeochemical function of biocrusts. Synthesis and applications: Results from this long-term experiment suggest that the ecosystem C and N cycling and water balance of global drylands may be highly impacted by climate change, in part because of the response of biocrusts, which contribute an important implication for both dryland restoration and earth system dynamics. | |||||
| 37123 | Gupta V., Gupta N., Nayaka S., Lavania S. & Srivastava P.K. (2023): Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl. as an ideal lichen species for biomonitoring studies: A systematic review. - The Journal of the Indian Botanical Society, 103(04): 245-256. . The lichens are self-sustaining, long-living symbiotic systems that result from the symbiosis between mycobiont and photobiont. The lichen biodiversity is sensitive to environmental circumstances since certain species are more indulgent in environmental influences. The lichens accumulate both inorganic and organic pollutants present in the air and soil. The lichens are utilized in biomonitoring studies as bioindicators of environmental changes such as air pollution and climate change. Among the diverse lichen taxa, genera Dirinaria, Heterodermia, Physcia, and Pyxine are well-known groups having toxitolerant nature. Several studies utilizing Pyxine cocoes are available throughout the world. Thus, the present review aims to consolidate various methods adopted to monitor the quality of the environment utilizing the lichen P. cocoes in various parts of the world. To get insight into current practices, developments, and difficulties, a total of 25 prior studies over the preceding 12 years were examined in this review. Based on the research area and scope, content analysis was used to categorize and comprehensively characterize the available biomonitoring studies using lichen into several groups. Two basic techniques of biomonitoring using lichen P. cocoes involving different scopes and types of parameters are also discussed. The pollutants can be introduced into the environment by either geogenic or anthropogenic emissions viz., soil, rocky dust, burning of fossil fuels and waste, roadsides dust, agricultural practices including the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, transportation, construction, and urban waste. Accumulation of various metals viz., As, Al, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, F, Hg, K, Ca, Mg and Na in the thalli of P. cocoes is also presented. The EDX spectra studies together with FTIR analysis showed 41.1 to 53.53% elemental composition in P. cocoes and the presence of various anionic sites (e.g., hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl groups) where metal binds on the lichen thalli. Thus, the review indicates that P. cocoes is a potential biomonitor, bioindicator, and bioaccumulator. | |||||
| 37122 | Gauslaa Y. (2023): Recovery kinetics of epiphytic lichen diversity after dieback during a continuously wet season. - Fungal Ecology, 66: 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2023.101299. Epiphytic lichens are considered sensitive indicators of environmental change. Excess water is known to depress their photosynthesis, but the effect of long-lasting rain on species richness of epiphytic lichens is rarely reported. By annually repeated records of macrolichen species richness on tree trunks over a period of 33 years that included one long rainy season in year 2000, a strong decline in macrolichen richness on tree trunks was detected after the unusually wet autumn. Afterwards, the lichen richness slowly recovered, but had not yet fully recovered 19 years after the dieback. Thereby, long rainy periods can cause lasting depression in epiphytic lichen richness, and continuous rain should be considered a possible threat to lichens in regions like northern Europe where global change predicts enhanced rainfall frequency. | |||||
| 37121 | Turner A.J. (2023): Surveillance of the montane macrolichen Thamnolia vermicularis in Eryri, 2022. - NRW Evidence Report No: 670, Natural Resources Wales, 53 pp. https://naturalresources.wales/media/696504/nrw-evidence-report-670-surveillance-of-the-montane-macrolichen-thamnolia-vermicularis-in-eryri-final.pdf. Surveillance of Thamnolia vermicularis, a Vulnerable (VU) macrolichen in Wales that occurs in montane heath and grassland communities, was undertaken between 2020 and 2022 at the four locations where it has only ever been recorded in Wales. Three of the four sites were revisited between July and November 2022, and the species was not found at any of these sites. The fourth site was surveyed in 2020 as part of the survey of another species, and Thamnolia was not found. It is surmised that the loss of the macrolichen is due to a combination of heavy grazing pressure, climate change, and the excessive deposition of atmospheric nitrogen acting in tandem. Further targeted survey is suggested of suitable open habitat at the highest altitudes on the mountains where it was recorded, particularly in remaining areas of open vegetation, to enable a more definitive assessment of the status of the Welsh population | |||||
| 37120 | García R., Gollo M. & Villagra E. (2023): Especies de hongos liquenizados asociadas a diferentes usos de suelo en el partido de Luján (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). - Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat., 25(2):165-175. https://doi.org/10.22179/revmacn.25.780. Species of lichenized fungi associated with different land uses in the Luján district (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). In the district of Luján (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), the lichen community is almost unknown. Even more unknown is its relationship with the different land uses. The objectives of the present work are: (1) to identify the species of lichenized fungi associated with the different land uses within the territory belonging to this district and (2) to extend the knowledge about the lichenized fungi community of the district. Corticolous lichenized fungi have been surveyed in areas with different land uses (urban, residential, and agricultural) and the association between the recorded species has been statistically explored, as well as the identity of indicator species for each type of land use. A total of 41 species were recorded. All indicator species recorded here are considered toxitolerant. The Urban zone can be clearly separated from the other zones by the presence of the species that inhabit it. The Agricultural and Residential zones cannot be clearly separated. The Residential zone is surrounded by large areas of agricultural and livestock use. This situation is common in the town of Luján, where the transition from residential to agricultural areas is abrupt and this would explain the difficulty in separating the agricultural and residential areas through their lichenized fungi community. In the present work, we are able to determine which are the indicator species of each zone according to their land use and for the first time we list corticolous lichenized fungi species belonging to the Luján district. Bioindicators, land use, lichens, richness, toxitolerance. | |||||
| 37119 | Mallen-Cooper M., Cornwell W. K., Slavich E., Sabot M. E. B., Xirocostas Z. A., & Eldridge D. J. (2023): Limited range shifting in biocrusts despite climate warming: A 25-year resurvey. - Journal of Ecology, 111: 2194–2207. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14169. The ranges of many species globally have already shifted to maintain climatic equilibrium in the face of climate change. Biocrusts—soil surface-dwelling communities of lichens, bryophytes, and microbes—play important functional roles in many ecosystems, particularly in drylands. Compared to better-studied animal and plant taxa, dryland biocrusts have different establishment requirements and have never been assessed for historical range shifts. Here, we revisited the sites (N = 204) of a 25-year-old biocrust survey across a large area (400,000 km²) of drylands in southeastern Australia. We used quadratic models to quantify changes in the climate niches of 15 lichen, eight moss, and five liverwort taxa, as well as biocrust cover and richness. Our models showed that the observed climatic niches of most taxa have become hotter and drier in the past quarter-century, yet the responses of the vast majority of taxa are consistent with remaining in the same geographic space. A similar pattern was observed at the community level, where the peak of biocrust cover and richness now occurs in a hotter, drier environment. Notable exceptions were the liverwort Riccia lamellosa and lichens in the genera Cladonia and Xanthoparmelia, which showed signs of contraction at their arid range edges. Unlike more mobile taxa, most biocrust species have yet to shift geographically and may already be lagging behind the pace of climate change. One explanation for the mortality lag is that long-term climate variability in the system is extensive, which may have selected for the ability to withstand multi-year warm periods as long as there is an eventual return to milder conditions. However, no forecasts of future climate include a return to milder conditions, suggesting there will be an eventual loss of ecosystem multifunctionality at the contracting front. Expansion lags are most likely due to delays in the mortality of competing vascular plants. Synthesis: Our study provides a valuable contribution to the knowledge of range shifts in understudied taxa and highlights a future need to promote the expansion. | |||||
| 37118 | Kärnefelt I. (1988): Morphology and biogeography of saxicolous Caloplaca in southern Africa. – In: Goldblatt, P. & Lowry II, P. P. (eds), Modern systematic studies in African botany. Proceedings of the Eleventh Plenary Meeting of the Association for the Taxonomic Study of the Flora of Tropical Africa, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, June 10–14, 1985. - Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 25: 439–452. . Caloplaca, a large lichen genus with ~500 species, includes diverse morphologies (e.g., crustose, areolate, and subfruticose thallus), mostly reproducing asexually, with four species endemic to southern Africa, some overlapping with South America, and C. cinnabarina distributed widely, including Australia | |||||
| 37117 | Tsurykau A. (2023): Lichens of Belarus / Лишайники Беларуси. - , : 379 p.. . The monograph presents the results of generalization and critical analysis of data accumulated over the 240-year history of lichen studies on the territory of modern Belarus, including the author's original materials. As a result of the work, 722 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi are accepted for the territory of the country, of which two species are described by the author as new to science, 78 species are reported for the first time for Belarus. 99 species are excluded from the list of lichen biota. Taxonomical, geographical, biomorphological and ecological-substrate analyzes of the lichen biota of Belarus were carried out for the first time. All the main features and trends in the dynamics of lichen species diversity are identified and characterized. A system of life forms of lichens of forest communities is proposed. | |||||
| 37116 | Yang B., Spaeth M.K., Parsons L.S. & Barberán A. (2023): Soil inoculation changed soil microbial communities, but did not accelerate the decomposition of European Beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria) in Point Reyes National Seashore. - Restoration Ecology, 2023(n/a): e14344. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.14344. Legacy effects after the removal of invasive plants present significant challenges to restoration. The pivotal role of soil microbial communities in shaping these legacy effects is increasingly recognized, yet there is a lack of effective methods to mitigate altered microbial communities. In Point Reyes National Seashore (California), although the invaded European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria [L.] Link) was successfully controlled by herbicide treatment, beachgrass litter remained undecomposed for over 5 years, leaving pronounced legacy effects on soil organic matter and microbial community composition. We hypothesized that soil inoculation from uninvaded dune scrub can accelerate the decomposition of beachgrass litter in herbicide-treated sites by restoring the soil microbial communities and the abundance of microbial decomposers. Three litterbags containing European beachgrass litter or litter from two common shrubs at dune scrub were deployed into each plot to assess the impact of soil inoculation on litter decomposition rates. Our results revealed that soil inoculation, regardless of the inoculation level, did not accelerate the decomposition of European beachgrass. Only the decomposition of bush lupine litter, which had the highest litter quality among three types of litter, was accelerated at the highest inoculation level (approximately 11,880 g/m2). Additionally, soil inoculation increased the richness and compositional homogeneity of soil microbial communities, along with the relative abundances of wood saprotrophic fungi, soil saprotrophic fungi, and lichenized fungi. Although these findings demonstrate the potential of soil inoculation, the cost-effectiveness of soil inoculation limits its feasibility in accelerating the delayed decomposition of European beachgrass litter in Point Reyes. | |||||
| 37115 | Torres J.M., Torres V., Rodrigues A., Gianini A., Micheletti A., Honda N., Spielmann A. & Lorenz A. (2023): Lineages of the lichen-forming fungus Stereocaulon alpinum and their photobionts in southern South America and maritime Antarctica. - Polar Biology, 46: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03168-y. Stereocaulon alpinum is a lichenized fungus commonly found in the Antarctic, circumarctic, alpine, and in mountainous areas of temperate regions. It forms a tripartite lichen symbiosis together with trebouxioid green microalgae, as its primary photobiont, and cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc inside delimited cephalodia. Previous DNA-based analyses revealed two lineages for this fungus. This research discusses the morphological and chemical circumscription of S. alpinum and its geographic distribution and, to this end, we included new DNA data from the mycobiont and its photosynthetic partners. Phylogenetic reconstructions rejected infraspecific categories and revealed that specimens from the southern hemisphere (maritime Antarctica and South America) formed a well-supported “bipolar clade” with specimens from Finland, Greenland, and Canada. In addition, S. alpinum also formed a “northern clade” with sequences from Europe and North Atlantic islands. In specimens from the southern hemisphere, the identified lineages of phyco- and cyanobionts were already known to be associated with other lichenized fungi. The phycobiont was identified as Asterochloris pseudoirregularis and the cyanobiont as a member of the genus Nostoc. The phenotypic differences among the southern hemisphere specimens examined in this study pointed towards a broad morphological circumscription of S. alpinum. Simultaneously, the available descriptions of S. alpinum collected in the northern hemisphere, including the type specimen, do not provide characters distinguishing them from the southern specimens. These two clades likely represent cryptic species, one new and potentially only recognized using genetic data. Additional integrative studies, including a comprehensive analysis of specimens from the northern hemisphere, are necessary to know the diversity contained in the lichens identified as Stereocaulon alpinum worldwide. | |||||
| 37114 | Tarasova V.N., Sonina А.V. & Androsova V.I. (2023): Menegazzia terebrata (Parmeliaceae) at the northern border of its range (Kivach Nature Reserve, Republic of Karelia). - Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 108(5): 427-442. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0006813623050101. Menegazzia terebrata is a foliose macrolichen listed in the Red Data Books of most European countries and in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The species is stenotopic, for which the variety of suitable biotopes is limited; therefore, habitat disturbance under natural and anthropogenic factors is the main reason for decreasing its population. Most records of the species in European Russia were made in the mid 19th – mid 20th centuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of coenopopulations and ecological features of M. terebrata in the communities of the Kivach Nature Reserve (Republic of Karelia). The studies were carried out in the territory of Kivach Nature Reserve on sample plots of 625 m 2 , where general characteristics of plant communities and habitat characteristics were recorded. The size of each coenopopulation was determined as well as the coverage area on the surface of the substrate (cm 2 ), the number of thalli, their ontogenetic state, associated species in lichen synusia. For the first time in the last 80 years, 4 habitats of M. terebrata were found on the territory of the Republic of Karelia. Based on literature and own data, a map of the species distribution in Northern Europe was compiled. The discovered population is the northernmost of all currently existing in the territory of the European part of Russia. M. terebrata prefers more shaded and humid conditions, occupying vertical surfaces of mossy rocks in deciduous forests with the last fire 93–120 years ago. The lichen occurs in communities with bryophytes, in lichen synusia with common species of shady habitats: Lepraria sp., Cystocoleus ebeneus , Peltigera sp. Totally 144 thalli of M. terebrata with a total area of 1228 cm 2 were identified at four ontogenetic states assigned to two age periods: pregenerative (two variants of virginal state – \({{v}_{1}}\) , \({{v}_{2}}\) ), and postgenerative (subsenile – ss , senile – s ). These coenopopulations follow the strategy of vegetative reproduction, as evidenced from the presence of soralia and fragmentation of the thalli. The size of the thalli and the predominance of virginal and subsenile thalli with abundant soralia indicate a long-term good prospect for the development of the coenopopulations, and allow us to assess the state of the species as normal. The existence in a specially protected area, the presence of a suitable substrate (vertical rock outcrops of significant size), as well as forest communities with a certain microclimate (shading, high relative humidity) create the necessary conditions for the conservation of M. terebrata . The results obtained are the basis for changing the status of M. terebrata in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia from “0” (probably extinct) to “1” (endangered). distribution, new records, Northern Europe, population ecology, Red Data Book of Russia, taiga | |||||
| 37113 | Sen L. & Tumur A. (2023): Niche characteristics of lichen in Dabancheng mountainous area,Urumqi. - Guihaia, 43(9): 1636-1645. . In order to reveal the status of habitat resource utilization and the degree of competition among lichens in Dabancheng mountainous areas. In this work,30 plots were sampled in the field and the species cover data of the plots were investigated, and the niche characteristics and environmental factors of lichen community species were analyzed by using niche width, niche overlap index and ordination analysis in this Dabancheng mountainous area. The results were as follows: (1) The niche width of Rusavskia elegans and Circinaria contorta were the widest in Dabancheng mountainous area, indicating that they were more adaptable to different environments. The niche widths of other lichen species were narrow, indicating that the species used the environmental resources to a less extent. (2) The niche overlap value between species was generally low, with only a few species pairs having a high niche overlap value. The degree of niche differentiation between lichen species was high, indicating that the competition between species was not intense. (3) Although niche overlap was common among species with wider niche widthsꎬ niche overlap values were lower. However, some species with narrower niche widths had higher niche overlap values with other species. As a result, there was no clear linear relationship between niche overlap and niche width. (4) The distribution of lichen species varied along the altitudinal gradient, and altitude, light intensity, humidity,wind speed, and human disturbance were the dominant environmental factors for the different niche characteristics of lichen community species in the study area. In conclusion, as a result of habitat resource competition in Dabancheng mountainous area, lichen species occupied their own distinct niches, resulting in niche differentiation and relatively stable communities. The distribution of species differed significantly due to differences in habitat conditions along the altitudinal gradient. The results of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of lichen community assembly, which are of great significance to the conservation of lichen species diversity and habitat in the region. | |||||
| 37112 | Murugesan B., Subramanian A., Bakthavachalam S., Rajendran K., Raju S. & Gabriel S. (2024): Molecular insights of anticancer potential of usnic acid towards cervical cancer target proteins: An in silico validation for novel anti-cancer compound from lichens. - Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 42(18): 9475-9493. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2023.2252076. | |||||
| 37111 | Khalili P., Konar M. & Faramarzi M. (2024): Modelling the impacts of future droughts and post-droughts on hydrology, crop yields, and their linkages through assessing virtual water trade in agricultural watersheds of high-latitude regions. - Journal of Hydrology, 639: 131530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131530. This study elaborates on the effects of future drought and post-drought conditions on the reliability of global breadbaskets. The study simulates agro-hydrological processes in the Nelson River Basin, a large agricultural watershed in western Canada that supplies food for over 170 countries globally. In temperate zones of higher latitudes, future climate change scenarios suggest that global breadbaskets will likely experience increased precipitation and higher crop yields (Y). This could be perceived as an increased export potential of food from these regions. However, projected drought events in the future can affect agro-hydrological processes, Y, and, therefore, export potentials during and following the drought events. Using a process-based agro-hydrologic model, this research examines the potential impacts of future agricultural droughts and post-drought conditions on hydrological water yield (WYLD), Y, and their linkages through assessing the net virtual water export (NVWE), the water embodied in the production of crops that are destined for export. The results indicate that long-term average Y, NVWE, and WYLD are expected to improve in the future. However, droughts will become more extreme in the future, leading to considerable reductions in Y, NVWE, and WYLD. During the post-drought period, the recovery time for WYLD is considerably longer than Y and NVWE across regions. The slow recovery of WYLD, following an agricultural drought, is related to crop water uptake, which can be controlled by optimization of the cropping pattern. The continuous loss of WYLD during and after prolonged and more frequent droughts in the future can significantly affect not only the environment and several economic sectors but also the irrigated crop production and export potential from these regions. This finding highlights the connections between local hydrology and global trade systems in agricultural watersheds of higher-latitude regions. Future adaptation measures, such as changes in cropping patterns, can preserve WYLD during and after droughts, supporting water and food security. Agro-hydrologic modelling, Climate change projections, Water-food security, Extreme events, SWAT model | |||||
| 37110 | Jung P., Baumann K., Emrich D., Springer A., Felde V., Dultz S., Baum C., Frank M., Büdel B. & Leinweber P. (2020): Lichens Bite the Dust – A Bioweathering Scenario in the Atacama Desert. - iScience, 23: 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101647. Bioweathering mediated by microorganisms plays a significant role in biogeochemical cycles on global scales over geological timescales. Single processes induced by specific taxa have been described but could rarely be demonstrated for complex communities that dominate whole landscapes. The recently discovered grit crust of the coastal Atacama Desert, which is a transitional community between a cryptogamic ground cover and a rock-bound lithic assemblage, offers the unique chance to elucidate various bioweathering processes that occur simultaneously. Here,we present a bioweathering scenario of this biocenosis including processes such as penetration of the lithomatrix, microbial responses to wet-dry cycles, alkalinolysis, enzyme activity, and mineral re-localization. Frequently occurring fog, for example, led to a volume increase of microorganisms and the lithomatrix. This, together with pH shifts and dust accumulation, consequently results in biophysical breakdown and the formation of a terrestrial protopedon, an initial stage of pedogenesis fueled by the grit crust. | |||||
| 37109 | Hischier C.M., Frey D., Neria R., Scheidegger C., Silvia S., Mathias V. & Sabine F. (2023): Le lichen corail cendré des sables. Enjeu de la protection de la nature et de l'aménagement des cours d'eau. - Notice pour le praticien, 73: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55419/wsl:33526. Les zones alluviales sont des points névralgiques à la croisée de nombreux intérêts comme l’énergie hydraulique ou les loisirs de proximité. Parallèlement, elles abritent de nombreuses espèces, dont certaines sont spécialisées et rares. Une meilleure compréhension des exigences en matière d’habitat de tels organismes permet de mieux planifier et mettre en oeuvre des mesures de gestion dans les zones alluviales et d’améliorer la coopération entre la recherche, la protection de la nature et d’autres groupes d’intérêt. L’exemple du lichen corail cendré des sables (Stereocaulon incrustatum) montre comment la protection d’une espèce de lichen menacée de disparition et la préservation de la dynamique fluviale naturelle dans les paysages alluviaux peuvent aller de pair. | |||||
| 37108 | Esseen P., Rytterstam J., Ātrena A. & Jonsson B. (2023): Long-term dynamics of the iconic old-forest lichen Usnea longissima in a protected landscape. - Forest Ecology and Management, 546: 121369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121369. Long-term data on spatial dynamics of epiphytic lichens associated with old-growth forests are fundamental for understanding how environmental factors drive their extinction and colonization in heterogeneous landscapes. This study focuses on Usnea longissima, a flagship species for biodiversity conservation. By using a long-term data set (37 yr.) of U. longissima in old Picea abies forests in Skuleskogen National Park, Sweden, we examined changes in the number of host trees, population size (sum of thallus length), extinction, colonization, dispersal, and distribution in a protected landscape. We surveyed the lichen in 1984-1985 by applying a line transect inventory and a total population inventory and tagged 355 occupied trees with an aluminium plate buried in the ground. We repeated the survey in 2021 using a metal detector and recorded GPS-position of host trees, tree and lichen population characteristics. We also measured the structure and age (tree-ring data) of the forest to understand how disturbance history influenced lichen populations. Usnea longissima occurred on 66 of the tagged trees and we recorded 141 new host trees. The number of host trees decreased with 41.7% and the population size with 41.9%. One third of the decline was caused by deterministic extinction (treefalls) and two thirds by stochastic extinction on standing trees. The probability of stochastic extinction on live trees decreased with population size in logistic regression. The decline in the sites with largest populations (35-87% loss) was more influenced by limited colonization than extinction. Colonization was highest in humid north-facing hillslopes with multi-layered forests driven by gap dynamics. The lichen was strongly dispersal-limited, with a median effective horizontal dispersal of only 3.8 m in 37 yr., explaining its strong dependence of long continuity of forest cover. The populations were clustered and had substantial local turnover, yet with stable distribution at landscape scale. The tree-ring index, growth releases and gap recruitments indicate extensive harvesting ~ 1860-1900, but without major disturbances during the last 70-80 yr. Instead, the decline of U. longissima was probably driven by air pollution, climate change (autumn/winter mortality and heatwaves) and denser forests. Our findings highlight that the long-term survival of this lichen may be at risk even in forests having a strong level of protection. | |||||
| 37107 | Cunningham J.A., Padamsee M., Wilson S. & Costello M.J. (2024): Fungi species description rates confirm high global diversity and suggest half remain unnamed. - Frontiers of Biogeography, 16(2): 18. https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg62358. Global estimates of the number of species of Fungi have ranged from 1.5 to 13.2 million, but have been based more on opinion and simple ratios than quantitative assessment. We analysed trends in the rate of description of fungal species over four centuries, noted the use of molecular methods in species delimitation, and used a statistical model designed for such data to predict future trends. A total of 144,035 fungal species were analysed, along with smaller species groups extracted from the core dataset that approximated biological and ecological traits. The groups explored included fungi of medical significance (728 spp), those associated with the marine environment (972 spp), rust and smut fungi (9,125 spp), arthropod ectoparasites of class Laboulbeniomycetes (2,376 spp), mushroom -forming fungi of class Agaricomycetes (37,717 spp), the budding yeasts of subphylum Saccharomycotina (1,165 spp), the class Dothideomycetes (30,912 spp), and lichenized fungi of classes Lecanoromycetes and Arthoniomycetes (12,154 spp). There was an acceleration in overall fungal description rates within the last two decades accompanied by the increased use of genetic data in new species descriptions. Mushroom -forming, lichenized, and plant -associated fungi were predicted to experience the greatest increase in new species. Increased description rates are supported by an increase in the number of authors describing species. However, the number of species described per author in a year has been declining since 1875. Because less than 10% of currently accepted fungal species have molecular data associated with corresponding type specimens, genetic data should not be used to discriminate new species without associated phenotypic information. An additional 68,750 species (48%) were predicted to be described this century, making Fungi the least well -described Kingdom assessed to date. biodiversity, description rates, diversity, fungi, molecular data, species concept, species richness, taxonomy, biodiversity, taxonomy, discovery, biogeography, phylogeny, evolution, richness, identification, conservation, extinction, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Physical Geography | |||||
| 37106 | Eldredge L.G. & Miller S.E. (1998): Numbers of Hawaiian species: supplement 3. - Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 55: 3-15. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/3476/Eldredge_and_Miller_1998_Hawaii.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. This document serves as the third supplement to earlier tabulations of species in the Hawaiian Islands, incorporating updates on native, non-indigenous, and fossil species. It highlights the unique biodiversity of Hawaii, shaped by geographic isolation and ecological diversity, with over 22,400 native species derived from approximately 1,000 original colonists. The report updates data on terrestrial and aquatic biota, emphasizes critical knowledge gaps, and introduces new records for fungi, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. It also details fossil records of coral, mollusks, and avian species. The findings underscore Hawaii's role as a biodiversity hotspot, critical for conservation and evolutionary studies | |||||
| 37105 | Miller S.E. & Eldredge L.G. (1996): Numbers of Hawaiian species: supplement 1. - Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 45: 8-17. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/3511/Miller_and_Eldredge_1996_Hawaii.pdf. This supplement to earlier tabulations compiles updates on the biodiversity of Hawaii, reporting 22,056 species across various taxa, with 8,850 endemic and 4,465 non-indigenous species. The survey highlights significant refinements in species counts, particularly among protists, fungi, plants, and animals. It underscores critical gaps in understanding Hawaii's biota, with many undescribed species, and provides foundational data for conservation efforts and biological management. | |||||
| 37104 | Eldredge L.G. & Miller S.E. (1997): Numbers of Hawaiian species: supplement 2, including a review of freshwater invertebrates. - Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 48: 3-22. . The Hawaii Biological Survey, established in 1992, provides an ongoing natural history inventory of Hawaii's native and non-native species. The 1996 records highlight significant biodiversity data, including updates on species counts, invasive species like Miconia calvescens, and catalogs of land snails and slugs. New discoveries, such as a noctuid moth near Honolulu, emphasize the need for further exploration of Hawaii's biota. The findings underline conservation needs amid alarming non-native species introductions | |||||
| 37103 | Kärnefelt I. (1991): Evolutionary rates in the Teloschistaceae – In: Galloway, D. J. (ed.), Tropical lichens: Their systematics, conservation, and ecology. - Oxford: Clarendon Press. (The Systematics Association Special Volume), pp. 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577201.003.0008. The Teloschistaceae is generally recognized as a rather natural unit in the lichenized Ascomycotina. However, the same family has long been known to include an assemblage of rather unnatural genera and, in addition, there are numerous problems concerning delimitation of species among those genera. Problems related particularly to gradual geographical speciation are discussed in three of the most important genera in the Teloschistaceae and illustrated mainly from the African flora in the genera Xanthoria, Teloschistes, and Caloplaca. In one species in particular, Xanthoria mendozae, the known distributional pattern in the Southern Hemisphere supported by geological events and with only few opportunities for long-distance dispersal, indicates an ancient history for this lichen. Two cladograms or strict consensus trees are presented, supporting the presumed unnatural affinities among accepted genera in the family | |||||
| 37102 | Widodo G.A., Kartikasari D., Ichyaiddina A.N. & Pitaloka D. (2023): Keragaman Lichen di Kawasan Wisata Alam Kandung Kabupaten Tulungagung. - RADIKULA: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 2(1): 47-59. https://doi.org/10.33379/radikula.v2i01.2911. Spesies lichen yang terdapat di kawasan wisata Alam Kandung Kabupaten Tulungagung belum teridentifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman lichen yang ada di kawasan wisata Alam Kandung Kabupaten Tulungagung. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode survey atau jelajah bebas yang dilakukan ditiga stasiun penelitian dengan ketinggian yang berbeda, yaitu 223 mdpl, 230 mdpl, dan 245 mdpl. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif, disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 spesies lichen yang termasuk dalam 5 famili diantaranya Flavoparmelia caperata, Caloplaca marina, Lepraria membranacea, Arthonia cinnabarina, Cryptothecia striata, dan Chrysothrix candelaris. Pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pada ketiga stasiun menunjukkan bahwa persentase penutupan lichen pada substrat kulit batang pohon menunjukkan nilai yang berbeda. Setiap spesies lichen pada masing-masing stasiun memiliki nilai prsentase penutupan di bawah 50%. Indeks keanekaragaman (H`) lichen di kawasan wisata Alam Kandung termasuk dalam kriteria sedang yaitu H’ sebesar 1,7. Hasil pengukuran faktor abiotik suhu udara di kawasan wisata Alam Kandung berikisar 31°C-32°C, kelembaban udara berikisar 73%-74%, pH tanah 6-7, dan intensitas cahaya 1300 lux. Kondisi ini masih sesuai dengan kehidupan lichen atau lumut kerak.. | |||||
| 37101 | Bouchar A., Sellal Z., Maazouzi S., Msairi S., Kholfy S., Benkirane R., Ouazzani Touhami A. & Douira A. (2023): Inventory of Corticolous Lichens and Argan Wood Fungi. - Conference paper: International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD 2022), 2023: 521-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35248-5_47. Surveys carried out in the coastal areas of Agadir and Essaouira, particularly at the stations of Taghazout, Tiguert, Tamri, Ain Akra (Imsounae region), Tamanar, Ait Melloul and Elkhssass, revealed the presence of many fungal and lichenic species. The identified fungi are represented by two Basidiomycetes (Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.: Fr.) Wettstei, Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) JJ Kickx) and two Ascomycetes (Hysterium pulicare (Lightf: Fr.) Pers fries, E 1823, Trematosphaeria pertusa Pers. Fuckel, 1870). Among these species, Fomes fomentarius is the responsible pathogen for white rot of plants. The inventoried corticolous lichens are of the order of 22 species, namely: Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., Lecanora expallens Ach., Ramalina lacera (With.) Laundon, Ramalina ramulicola (M. Choisy) Zahlbr, Ramalina usnea (L.) R. Howe. Ramalina usneoides Mont. Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., Ramalina maciformis (Delile) Bory, Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr., Teloschistes villosus (Ach.) Norm., Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr., Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr., Tornabea scutellifera (With.) J.R. Laundon, Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P. James, Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Steiner) Hale, Arthonia punctiformis Ach., Bactrospora patellarioides (Nyl.) Almq. Diploicia canescens (Dickson) A. Massal., Dirina ceratoniae (Ach.) Fr., Roccella phycopsis (Ach.) Ach, Anaptychia intricata (DC.) A. Massal. These corticolous lichens are not proper parasites, but when they are abundant, can harm living bark by interfering with their respiratory functions.KeywordsArgan treecorticolous lichensBasidiomycetesAscomycetes. | |||||
| 37100 | van Dijk E.A. (2023): Korstmossen in het 5000-soortenjaar in de Gelderse Poort. - Buxbaumiella, 27: 32-36. http://www.blwg.nl/mossen/buxbaumiella/buxbaumiella.aspx. The Gelderse Poort region revealed an impressive diversity of lichens in 2022, with 5,605 observations covering 214 species, representing roughly 25% of all Dutch lichens. This includes seven species classified as nationally very rare, 26 as rare, and 36 as uncommon. Noteworthy discoveries included species such as the Lipschaduwmos and Purper geweimos. Lichens thrive in various substrates like bark, stone, and even artificial surfaces, underscoring the area's ecological value. Their presence reflects the dynamic interplay of light, moisture, and minimal disturbance within the Gelderse Poort | |||||
| 37099 | Stenroos S. (1993): Taxonomy and distribution of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the Antarctic and peri-Antarctic regions. - Cryptogamic Botany, 3: 310–344. . Specimens of Cladoniaceae from 28 herbaria were studied using methods of classical herbarium taxonomy and thin-layer chromatography. Thirty-nine species, representing the genera Cladia, Cladina, and Cladonia, are recognized in the study area. Most species show a “bipolar or cosmopolitan” distribution pattern, and only four are endemic to the area. One-third of species belong to a so-called Southern Hemisphere element. Long-distance dispersal is considered to be the most important way of reaching new areas in the fragmented southern areas, past and present. Three species, viz. Cladonia archeri Stenroos (Macquarie I.), C. marionii Stenroos (Marion I.), and C. albata Stenroos (Prince Edward I.), are described as new. New synonyms are Cladonia subdigitata Nyl. and C. corallifera subsp. subdigitata Vainio (= C. ustulata), C. furcata var. subpungens Müll. Arg., C. patagonica A. Evans (= C. squamosa), and C. subantarctica Filson & Archer (= C. subsubulata). Nine of the present species (C. cf. cariosa, C. merochlorophaea (var. novochlorophaea), C. ochrochlora, C. phyllophora, C. cf. poeciloclada, C. subulata, C. sulphurina, C. cf. tapperi, and C. weymouthii) have not been correctly reported from the area before | |||||
| 37098 | Tehler A. (1993): Schismatomma and three new or reinstated genera, a reassessment of generic relationships in Arthoniales. - Cryptogamic Botany, 3: 139–151. . Schismatomma in the wide sense is paraphyletic and divided into four genera, Byssophoropsis, Schismatomma, Sigridea, and Syncesia. Sigridea is newly described here. The status of Byssophoropsis is changed from section to genus. Syncesia is reinstated and mainly contains species formerly referred to as Chiodecton. A reassessment of generic relationships of Arthoniales is made and a phylogeny based on morphological data is proposed. The data were analysed using cladistic parsimony methods. Terminal taxa include the genera Arthonia, Byssophoropsis, Chiodecton, Dolichocarpus, Dendrographa, Lecanactis, Opegrapha, Roccella, Roccellographa, Schismatomma, Sigridea, and Syncesia. Arthonia is the sister group to the remaining genera. The newly inferred genera do not form a group or subgroups. Sigridea is the sister group to Roccellaceae, and it is suggested that Roccellaceae should be expanded to include Sigridea. Byssophoropsis, Lecanactis, and Opegrapha constitute the sister group to Roccellaceae, and it is proposed that these genera should form the basis for the family Opegraphaceae. Schismatomma, Chiodecton, and Syncesia form a grade group, and family affiliation of these genera needs to be awaited | |||||
| 37097 | Castello M. & Nimis P. L. (1997): Diversity of lichens in Antarctica. – In: Battaglia, B., Valencia, J. & Walton, D. W. H. (eds.), Antarctic communities: Species, structure and survival
. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 15–21. . The only extant lichen flora of Antarctica, that of C.W.Dodge, published in 1973, includes 415 species, 44.6% of which were described by Dodge as new to science. We have recently examined the types of 152 (of a total of 186) species described by Dodge and accept only 31 species (20%) as valid. All of Dodge's species were described as endemic to Antarctica; after revision Antarctica has lost 121 endemic lichens. On the other hand, recent lichenological research in Antarctica has added many lichen species to its lichen flora. This paper summarizes the results of the last 20 years of lichenological exploration of Antarctica, and considers the main floristic-phytogeographic elements in the flora. The known lichen flora of Antarctica is reduced from 415 to 260 species, the percentage of endemic species falls from 91% to 38%, and that of bipolar and cosmopolitan species increases from 2.4% to 41.5%. Although these figures are likely to change in the near future as a consequence of the present intensive lichenological research in Antarctica, they suggest that the lichen flora of the continent, and especially of continental Antarctica, is a young one, which mainly originated by long-distance dispersal in the Quaternary period. Antarctica, biodiversity, flora, lichens, phytogeography | |||||
| 37096 | Almborn O. (1988): Some distribution patterns in the lichen flora of South Africa. – In: Goldblatt, P. & Lowry II, P. P. (eds), Modern systematic studies in African botany. Proceedings of the Eleventh Plenary Meeting of the Association for the Taxonomic Study of the Flora of Tropical Africa, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, June 10–14, 1985. - Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 25: 429–432. . A diversity of distribution patterns exhibited by South African lichens is presented, including some ubiquitous (more or less cosmopolitan) species and a number of endemics. These are few compared with the high number of endemics among the vascular plant flora. Steppe and desert species best represented in the arid areas, montane species growing at high altitudes, oceanic species predominant in humid wooded districts in the south and the east, and maritime species (mainly confined to sea rocks) form fairly well-defined groups. Species also known from other regions in the Southern Hemisphere (South America and/or Australia/New Zealand) are highly interesting to the phytogeographer. A fascicle Lichenes for Flora of Southern Africa, with the collaboration of many specialists in lichen taxonomy, is being planned | |||||
| 37095 | 中二男 山 [Yamanaka T.] (1968): イワタケ群落の発達 予報 [Preliminary notes on the development of the Gyrophora esculenta community]. - The Journal of Japanese Botany, 43(10-11): 363–367. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.43_10-11_5702. [in Japanese with English summary: ] The succession and development of the Gyrophora esculenta community have been observed on Mt. Kuishi in Shikoku. In 1960, three quadrats denuded of G. esculenta were set up on siliceous rocks at an altitude of 970 m above sea-level (Fig. 1). Because it was difficult to remove all individuals of very small size from rock faces, the succession may be considered to have started from the beginning of the foliose lichen stage. During seven years, as shown in Fig. 2, the residual G. esculenta has grown slowly, the size varying considerably with the environment, and individuals of slow growth have been found on sunny and steep rock faces. No other lichens and mosses newly appearing from the quadrats have yet been observed. From these facts it is inferred that the completion of the G. esculenta community requires long periods of time and that the well-developed community on exposed rocks is hardly ever replaced by other communities. | |||||
| 37094 | Kashiwadani H. (1976): Materials for the distribution of lichens in Japan (1) Actinogyra mühlenbergii (Ach.) Schol.. - The Journal of Japanese Botany, 51(9): 282. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.51_9_6656. Umbilicaria muhlenbergii, Japan | |||||
| 37093 | Ahti T. (1976): The lichen genus Cladonia in Mongolia. - The Journal of Japanese Botany, 51(12): 365–373. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.51_12_6686. Thirty two species of Cladonia are reported from Mongolia. Several species are new to the country, viz. C. acuminata var. norrlinii, C. deformis, C. kanewskii, C. merochlorophaea, C. mitis, C. pleurota, and C. polycarpoides. C. symphycarpa is mainly represented by a psoromic acid strain and a new Pd+ red strain is reported under C. crispata. | |||||
| 37092 | Thomson J.W. (1976): Cladonia asahinae sp. nov. from western North America. - Journal of Japanese Botany, 51(12): 360–364. https://doi.org/10.51033/jjapbot.51_12_6685. | |||||
| 37091 | Rikkinen J., Nierhoff L., Beimforde C. & Schmidt A.R. (2024): Insect-mediated spore dispersal in calicioid fungi: an experimental approach. - Annales Zoologici Fennici, 61(1): 465–478. https://doi.org/10.5735/086.061.0128. Many calicioid fungi accumulate ascospores into an adhesive mass, called the mazae-dium, at tips of stipitate apothecia. Fossil specimens from European ambers demonstrate that this morphology had evolved by the Paleogene and has since remained unchanged. The conserved maintenance of a spore-saving strategy is probably linked to animal-vectored dispersal, but experimental evidence confirming this is lacking. Here, we approached the question with a series of experiments, in which ascomata of three distantly related calicioid species were exposed to living individuals of four insect species. The results confirmed that calicioid ascospores are readily attached to any insects that touch the mazaedial spore mass. Adhered ascospores could be recovered from insect surfaces with ultrasonic cleaning. We found no significant differences in the amounts of attached ascospores of different fungal species. We discuss the new findings in the context of previous observations supporting the ecological and evolutionary role of animal-vectored dispersal in calicioid fungi. | |||||
| 37090 | Silva H.A.M.F., Aires A.L., Soares C.L.R., Sá J.L.F., Martins M.C.B., Albuquerque M.C.P.A., Silva T.G., Brayner F.A., Alves L.C., Melo A.M.M.A. & Silva N.H. (2020): Barbatic acid from Cladia aggregata (lichen): Cytotoxicity and in vitro schistosomicidal evaluation and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. - Toxicology in Vitro, 65: 104771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104771. Schistosomiasis is one of the most significant neglected tropical diseases, affecting around 260 million people worldwide, and Praziquantel is currently the only available drug for the treatment of infected persons. Thus, the search for new schistosomicidal compounds is urgent. The objective of this study was to investigate of the schistosomicidal effect of barbatic acid, a lichen metabolite, on adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The in vitro schistosomicidal effect was evaluated through the assessment of motility and mortality, cellular viability of the worms and ultrastructural analysis through scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of barbatic acid, a cell viability assay was performed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Barbatic acid showed a schistosomicidal effect after 3 h of exposure. At the end of 24 h the concentrations of 50–200 μM presented lethality on the worms. Motility changes were observed at sublethal concentrations. The IC50 obtained by the cell viability assay for S. mansoni was 99.43 μM. Extensive damage to the worm's tegument was observed from 25 μM. No cytotoxicity was observed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This report provides data showing the schistosomicidal effect of barbatic acid on S. mansoni, causing death, motility changes and ultrastructural damage to worms. In addition, barbatic acid was shown to be non-toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations that are effective against S. mansoni. Anthelmintic activity, Barbatic acid, Schistosomiasis, Ultrastructural analysis | |||||
| 37089 | Hischier M., Frey D., Neria R., Scheidegger C., Silvia S., Mathias V. & Sabine F. (2023): Il lichene Stereocaulon incrustatum. Focus su una specie protetta delle zone golenali dal punto di vistadella conservazione della natura e dell‘ingegneria idraulica. - Notizie per la pratica, 73: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.55419/wsl:33592. Le zone alluvionali fluviali sono utilizzate per vari scopi, come la produzione di energia idroelettrica o lo svago. Allo stesso tempo forniscono un habitat a molte specie, incluse quelle specializzate e rare. Una migliore comprensione delle esigenze ambientali di questi organismi può ottimizzare la pianificazione e l‘attuazione di misure di gestione e migliorare la cooperazione tra ricerca, conservazione della natura e altri gruppi di interesse. L‘esempio del lichene Stereocaulon incrustatum mostra come il mantenimento delle dinamiche fluviali naturali nei paesaggi golenali possa andare di pari passo con la conservazione di una specie protetta e minacciata di estinzione. | |||||
| 37088 | Fagundes Silva H.A.M., Andrade de Araújo H.D., Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque M.C., de Vasconcelos Lima M., Barroso Martins M.C., Alves L.C., Brayner F.A., de Lima Aires A., Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo A.M. & da Silva N.H. (2023): In Vitro Anthelminthic Activity and Ultrastructural Analysis of Barbatic Acid against Schistosomulae and Juvenile Worms of Schistosoma mansoni. - Chem Biodivers, 20(8): e202300154. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300154. Schistosomiasis affects about 260 million people worldwide and the search for new schistosomicidal compounds is urgent. In this study we evaluated the in vitro effect of barbatic acid against schistosomulae and young worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The barbatic acid was evaluated through the bioassay of motility and mortality, cellular viability and ultrastructural analysis of juvenile stages through Scanning Electron Microscopy. Barbatic acid showed a schistosomicidal effect against schistosomulae and young worms of S. mansoni after 3 h of exposure. At the end of 24 h, barbatic acid showed 100 %, 89.5 %, 52 % and 28.5 % of lethality for schistosomulae at the concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25 μM, respectively. For young worms, barbatic acid showed 100 % and 31.7 % of lethality at the concentrations of 200 and 100 μM, respectively. Motility changes were observed at all sublethal concentrations. There was a significant reduction in the viability of young worms after exposure to barbatic acid at 50, 100 and 200 μM. Extensive damage to the schistosomulae and young worm's tegument, was observed from 50 μM. This report provides data showing the schistosomicidal effect of barbatic acid on schistosomulae and young worms of S. mansoni, causing death, motility changes and ultrastructural damage to worms. Animals, Schistosoma mansoni, *Anthelmintics/pharmacology, *Phthalic Acids/pharmacology, *Schistosomicides/pharmacology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Cladia aggregata, developmental stages (schistosomulae and young worms), lichen | |||||
| 37087 | Widhelm T., Rao A., Grewe F. & Lumbsch T. (2023): High-throughput sequencing confirms the boundary between traditionally considered species pairs in a group of lichenized fungi (Peltigeraceae, Pseudocyphellaria ). - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 201: 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boac048. Accurate species delimitations are fundamental to our understanding of the genetic diversity on Earth and a vital part in evolutionary and conservation biology research. In lichenized fungi, species pairs have the same morphology and chemistry. They only differ in how they reproduce with one species using sexual reproductive structures and the other using asexual propagules. To classify these as one species or two has been a point of contention, and conclusions based on Sanger sequencing, where sequence data are limited and species boundaries are usually not observed, have been refuted after analysis with genome-scale data such as restriction site-associated DNA sequencing that tends to find fixed genetic differences between the two morphs. Pseudocyphellaria glabra and P. homoeophylla have long been considered a species pair that differ in geographical ranges but co-occur in New Zealand. We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data and generated thousands of genetic loci across 53 individuals. The RADseq data provided high-resolution phylogenetic and population genomic information. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction recovered both species as separate lineages, whereas population genetics indicated some evidence for admixture among P. glabra and P. homoeophylla from New Zealand. It is not clear whether the latter is due to ancient polymorphism or recent gene flow. Our study represents another example of the usefulness of RADseq to test species boundaries that segregate closely related species in lichenized fungi. | |||||
| 37086 | Teuber D., Waesch G., Bültmann H., Drehwald U., Eckstein J., Preußing M. & Schmiedel I. (2023): Moos- und Flechtenmonitoring im Nationalpark Kellerwald-Edersee. - Jahrbuch Naturschutz in Hessen, 22: 61–65. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Jb-Natschutz-Hessen_22_0061-0065.pdf. | |||||
| 37085 | Cannon P., Coppins B., Sanderson N. & Simkin J. (2024): Lichinales: Lichinaceae and Peltulaceae, including the genera Cryptothele, Ephebe, Euopsis, Lemmopsis, Lempholemma, Lichina, Metamelanea, Peltula, Phylliscum, Porocyphus, Psorotichia, Pterygiopsis, Pyrenocarpon, Pyrenopsis, Synalissa, Thermutis and Watsoniomyces. - Revisions of British and Irish Lichens, 44: 1–26. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Lichinales.pdf. | |||||
| 37084 | Cannon P., Arup U., Coppins B., Aptroot A., Sanderson N., Simkin J. & Yahr R. (2024): Teloschistales, including Brigantiaea (Brigantiaeaceae), Megalospora (Megalosporaceae) and Amundsenia, Athallia, Blastenia, Calogaya, Caloplaca, Cerothallia, Coppinsiella, Flavoplaca, Gyalolechia, Haloplaca, Huneckia, Kuettlingeria, Leproplaca, Marchantiana, Olegblumea, Polycauliona, Pyrenodesmia, Rufoplaca, Rusavskia, Sanguineodiscus, Scythioria, Solitaria, Squamulea, Teloschistes, Variospora, Xanthocarpia, Xanthomendoza and Xanthoria (Teloschis. - Revisions of British and Irish Lichens, 43: 1–75. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Teloschistales.pdf. | |||||
| 37083 | Lõhmus A. & Lõhmus P. (2024): A heart-rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus (chaga), mediates microhabitat creation in birch snags and contributes to forest fungal diversity. - Global Ecology and Conservation, 56: e03319 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03319. Ecological significance of fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is generally acknowledged but the ecological networks mediated by particular fungal species are seldom described. In this note, we draw attention to an undescribed function of a well-known heart-rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus (chaga). This species mostly inhabits live birches (Betula), where it forms sterile conks used in ethnomedicine. Less known is that its short-lived fruit-bodies develop under the bark after the tree death and release the spores by cracking the bark. Based on studies in Estonia, we report that this process is a major mechanism that removes bark from standing dead birches and that the exposed wood becomes a distinct woody substrate. We report nearly 50 species of epixylic lichens and allied fungi on birch snags, most notably calicioid fungi, which include several species of conservation concern. Because forest management suppresses that stage through multiple mechanisms (removal of trees with conks and dead trees; shortened rotations; preference for conifer monocultures), the keystone function can be lost even if I. obliquus persists in the area. Additionally, multi-functional forestry that supports chaga for its conk use should pay attention to that later phase of fruit-body formation to maintain natural functioning of this species. Such microhabitat providing functions may be more widespread among fungi that currently acknowledged. Keywords: Dead wood; Keystone function; Lichen; Parasitic fungus; Sexual reproduction; Tree health. | |||||
| 37082 | Gloor R., Svitok M., Mikoláš M., Hofmeister J., Halda J., Janda P., Sabatini F.M., Zemanová L., Buechling A., Kozák D., Ferenčík M., Frankovič M., Dušátko M., Svoboda M. (2024): Sustaining forest biodiversity: Exploring the effect of long-term natural disturbance dynamics on contemporary lichen communities in primary forest ecosystems. - Forest Ecosystems, 11: 100214 [12 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100214. In this era of biodiversity loss and climate change, quantifying the impacts of natural disturbance on forest communities is imperative to improve biodiversity conservation efforts. Epiphytic and epixylic lichens are effective forest quality bioindicators, as they are generally long-lived organisms supported by continuity of speci fic forest structures and their associated microclimatic features. However, how lichen communities respond to the effects of fluctuating historical disturbances remains unclear. Using a dendrochronological approach, this study investigates how natural disturbance dynamics indirectly in fluence various lichen community metrics in some of Europe's best-preserved primary mixed-beech forests. Mixed modelling revealed that natural historical disturbance processes have decades-long effects on forest structural attributes, which had both congruent and divergent impacts on lichen community richness and composition. Total species richness indirectly bene fited from both historical and recent higher-severity disturbances via increased standing dead tree basal area and canopy openness respectively - likely through the presence of both pioneer and late-successional species associated with these conditions. Red -listed species richness showed a dependence on habitat continuity (old trees), and increased with disturbance-related structures (standing dead trees) whilst simultaneously bene fiting from periods without severe disturbance events (old trees and reduced deadwood volume). However, if the disturbance occurred over a century in the past, no substantial effect on forest structure was detected. Therefore, while disturbance-mediated forest structures can promote overall richness, threatened species appear vulnerable to more severe disturbance events - a concern, as disturbances are predicted to intensify with climate change. Additionally, the high number of threatened species found reinforce the critical role of primary forest structural attributes for biodiversity maintenance. Hence, we recommend a landscape -scale conservation approach encompassing forest patches in different successional stages to support diverse lichen communities, and the consideration of long -term disturbance dynamics in forest conservation efforts, as they provide critical insights for safeguarding biodiversity in our changing world. Keywords: Mixed-beech forests; Species richness; Old-growth forests; Carpathian mountains; Biodiversity conservation; Dendroecology; Fagus sylvatica. | |||||
| 37081 | Nagappan T., Latiff N.N.A. & Salam M.R. (2022): Checklist of Lichens from Bidong Island, Terengganu. - In: Chuan O.M., Martin M.B., Nurulnadia M.Y. & Azmi W.A. (eds), Bidong Island, Geography of the Physical Environment
, p. 75–87, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91924-5_7. Chapter in book. Lichen is a composite organism lives in symbiotic relationship between algae and cyanobacteria. Lichens are plant-like, can be found living on plant, rocks and buildings. On plants, lichens can be found on barks, leaves and roots. This study aimed to create a checklist of lichen species found on trees at Bidong Island, Terengganu and to determine the relationship between lichens species with its host tree species. Observation of lichens’ characteristics was done using stereomicroscope and identification of lichens was done based on their morphological characters by referring to the key lichen genera. All the data obtained were sorted in family composition in order to build a checklist. Results showed that 76 lichens species was found but only 55 were positively identified based on their morphological features. A total of 55 lichens specimen were collected from eight host plants were classified into 21 families. Keywords: Bioindicator ; Tree host ; Microlichens ; South China sea ; Malaysia. | |||||
| 37080 | Yang J., Woo J., Kim W., Oh S.-O. & Hur J.-S. (2023): Exploring the influence of climatic variables on mycobiome composition and community diversity in lichens: insights from structural equation modeling analysis. - Environmental Microbiome, 18(1): 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-023-00535-4. Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, which are key ecological bioindicators due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. The endolichenic fungi (ELF) living inside lichen thalli, are an important but understudied component of playing crucial ecological roles such as nutrient cycling and protection against environmental stressors. Therefore ELF community investigation is vital for fostering sustainable ecosystems and leveraging their ecological benefits. Deciphering the intricate relationships between ELF and their lichen hosts, alongside the influence of environmental factors on these communities, presents a significant challenge in pinpointing the underlying drivers of community structure and diversity. | |||||
| 37079 | Padilla Pacahuala G., Barzola Ollero E.A., Quincho Estares J.I., Maceda Santivañez J.C., Quispe Santivañez G.W., Chagua Rodriguez P., Salvador-Reyes R. & Chañi-Paucar L.O. (2023): Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans), a natural yellow dye from the Peruvian Andes: traditional uses, bioactive extraction, and potential applications. - Scientia Agropecuaria, 14(2): 269-285. https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.024. Recently, interest in studying pigments from lichens has been aroused due to their bioactive properties and health benefits. The Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans) is a thousand-year-old lichen from the Peruvian Andes characterized by its yellow filaments, traditionally used by the Peruvian inhabitants as a natural pigment for making handicrafts and medicinal purposes. In this sense, this article aims to compile all the studies on Geolashon as a source of natural yellow pigments, starting from its importance and applications by the Andean population to research on obtaining, characterizing, and properties of its extracts. Although studies on this lichen are limited, it was observed that the obtained from lichen are rich in 3-[1’-(2”,3”-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7-hydroxy- chroman-4-one, vicanicin, parietin, other compounds and has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antileukemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and termiticide activity that would be interesting for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries, generating added value in the final product. Aspects such as processing, functional properties, and toxicology of the bioactive components of Geolashon must be studied for its correct use. . | |||||
| 37078 | Mežaka A. (2023): Epiphytic bryophyte and lichen transplant niches along an elevational gradient in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. - American Journal of Botany, 110(9): e16215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16215. Abstract Premise Little is known about the ability of individual species to grow successfully outside of their realized niche. Here, the vitality of two epiphytic bryophyte and two epiphytic lichen species were assessed in their fundamental and realized niches in the Pacific Northwest coniferous forest at low, mid, and high elevations. Methods Two lowland epiphytic bryophyte species (Frullania nisquallensis, Neckera douglasii) and one lowland epiphytic lichen species (Usnea longissima) were transplanted to sites at mid and high elevations. One high-elevation epiphytic lichen species (Hypogymnia rugosa) was transplanted to mid and low elevations. Results The fundamental and realized niches of F. nisquallensis and U. longissima are similar, and they can both survive outside of their realized niches. For N. douglasii, dispersal limitations could shape its distribution along elevation and local microclimate conditions could be important for its vitality. Conclusions Certain bryophyte and lichen species can survive outside of their realized niches, information that can contribute to knowledge about species niches along elevational gradients. Future studies should focus on cryptogam species interactions in a changing climate. | |||||
| 37077 | Viret O. & Gindro K. (2025): Fungi and grapevine mycobiota. - In: Science of Fungi in Grapevine, p. 109–195, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68663-4_3. chapter in book | |||||
| 37076 | Worthy F.R., Goldberg S.D., Thiyagaraja V., Wang L.S. & Wang X.Y. (2024): Milder winters would alter patterns of freezing damage for epiphytic lichens from the trans-Himalayas. - Scientific Reports, 14: 28522 [16 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79321-2. Trans-Himalayan winters are projected to become milder, with shifting precipitation patterns and freeze-thaw cycles; changing stressors for their lichen communities. Lichens from Antarctica and high latitudes are cryoresistant when dry, but susceptible to cell damage if frozen when wet, or subjected to repeated freeze-thaw events. Little is known regarding cryoresistance in high-elevation, mid-latitude lichens. We collected thalli of nine species of epiphytic lichenized fungi, from three regions of the trans-Himalayas; at ≈ 4000 m, 3400 m and 2400 m elevation. We subjected thalli to differing freezing (continuous − 18 °C and − 36 °C or freeze-thaw cycles in natural daylight) and moisture conditions. Even dry thalli suffered some damage. Frozen wet thalli had greater chlorophyll degradation and reduced chlorophyll content. There were no clear elevational trends in freeze-thaw susceptibility: it caused more damage than continuous freezing. The most freeze-thaw resilient lichens were Dolichousnea longissima (from 4000 m) and Usnea florida (from 2400 m). However, species from coldest sites were most resilient to extreme freezing. Under predicted climate change conditions these sites would experience fewer annual freeze-thaw cycles, annual sub-zero days and frost days. Reduced freezing constraints might allow range expansion of mid-elevation lichens, but increase competitive pressures and temperature stressors impacting high-elevation lichens. Keywords: Chlorophyll, Climate change, Cryoresistant, Electroconductivity, Epiphyte, Lichenized fung. | |||||
| 37075 | Alatan Z., Wu W., Li X., Zhao L., Guo H., Li J. & Hao C. (2024): A geospatial dataset of lichen key attributes in the Earth’s three poles. - Scientific Data, 11: 1248 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04072-8. In the Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau—recognized as the Earth’s three poles characterized by extremely harsh environments—lichens prevail in the ecosystem and play crucial roles as pioneer species. Despite their importance, studies investigating the spatial distribution patterns of lichen attributes are scarce due to a lack of appropriate datasets. To bridge this gap and enhance our understanding of the growth preferences of lichens in these areas, here we present a geospatial dataset encompassing key attributes of lichens, such as color type and growth form, for over 2800 lichen species and 170,000 in-situ lichen records. The dataset facilitates the creation of the first spatial distribution map illustrating the variation of lichen attributes across different latitudes and longitudes. This can serve as a foundational resource for studies on the relationship between lichen types and their growing environment, which is a vital scientific question in the ecology domain. Additionally, it can contribute to the development of specialized remote sensing technique tailored for lichen monitoring, which is currently lacking. | |||||
| 37074 | Gomez J., Nistal A., Villagra E., Dettler M.A. & Vazquez F.A. (2023): First record of Hyperphyscia coralloides (L.) Scutari growing on PET plastic within a fruit crops plot and its implications. - Folia Oecologica, 50(2): 204-206. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0019. In a fruit crop located in the Lujan district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), we exposed plastic bottles to the environment for three years. We explored microplastics’ presence on thalli. Out of the potential five lichen species only one grew: Hyperphyscia coralloides. Microplastic particles were observed on the thalli.The present work represents the first record of H. coralloides growing on PET plastic. Considering the largest thalli size recorded, the results of the growth rate are similar in an average to those recorded for fruticosespecies. Finally, our results suggest that the contact of H. coralloides with microplastics may be a potential pathway for the incorporation of microplastics into ecosystems. forest plantings, organic matter, soil texture, steppe soils, water content | |||||
| 37073 | Li Y., Huang Y., Wronski T. & Huang M. (2023): Diversity of bacteria associated with lichens in Mt. Yunmeng in Beijing, China. - PEERJ, 11: e16442. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16442. Lichens host highly complex and diverse microbial communities, which may perform essential functions in these symbiotic micro-ecosystems. In this research, sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the bacterial communities associated with lichens of two growth forms (foliose and crustose). Results showed that Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Acidobacteriota were dominant phyla in both types of lichens, while Acetobacterales and Hyphomicrobiales were the dominant orders. Alpha diversity index showed that the richness of bacteria hosted by foliose lichens was significantly higher than that hosted by crustose ones. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed a significant difference between beta diversity of the foliose lichen-associated bacterial communities and those of crustose lichen-associated ones. Gene function prediction showed most functions, annotated by the lichen-associated bacteria, to be related to metabolism, suggesting that related bacteria may provide nutrients to their hosts. Generally, our results propose that microbial communities play important roles in fixing nitrogen, providing nutrients, and controlling harmful microorganisms, and are therefore an integral and indispensable part of lichens. Lichens, Growth form, Associated bacteria, Nitrogen fixation | |||||
| 37072 | Koopaie M., Karimi H., Sohrabi M. & Norouzi H. (2023): Cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic evaluation of Ramalina sinensis (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes), lichenized fungus on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line; in-vitro study. - BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23(1): 296. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04118-1. Scientists and medical professionals are actively striving to improve the efficacy of treatment methods for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most frequently occurring cancer within the oral cavity, by exploring the potential of natural products. The active pharmacological compounds found in lichenized fungi have shown potential for aiding in cancer treatment. Recent research aims to evaluate the impact of the lichenized fungus Ramalina sinensis (R. sinensis) on the cell viability and apoptosis of OSCC cell lines, considering the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer capabilities of lichens. | |||||
| 37071 | Barreno E. & Alvarez Aspra J.S. (2023): Development of a predictive bioinformatic model to estimate populations of the endangered lichen Ricasolia virens, in the Sierra del Sueve (Asturias, Spain). - Bol. de Ciencia y Tecnología R.I.D.E.A., 57: 63-84. . Juan S. Álvarez-Aspra, Eva Barreno The lichen Ricasolia virens has a wide geographical distribution in Europe, and is considered (Red Lists, IUCN) one of the best bioindicators of mature forests, with ecological continuity, without significant anthropogenic impacts. However, the biology and ecology of its thalli and populations have been scarcely studied. Its importance as a sensitive bio-indicator makes its knowledge an important tool to establish which are the best-conserved and structured forest areas, on which to focus the management and to monitor its possible evolution due to negative impacts. It also provides an accurate scientific basis for effective conservation actions and for assessing the endangered status (Red Lists). In this work, an original niche study on the populations of R. virens in a Special Area of Conservation, the Sierra del Sueve mountains (Natura 2000-ZEC ES1200043, Asturias, Spain) was carried out by means of bioinformatics analyses, with the aim of generating a predictive model to assess the distribution of the populations of this species in and its potential application to the biomonitoring of woodlands. Based on thalli, in populations known since 2008, this study has been able to generate a predictive model to assess the presence of R. virens, which has fourfold improved the quantitative estimation of the populations, from the initial 13 up to 60 phorophytes. The study also extends the types of trees previously known to host this lichen in this mountain range. In addition, it has been found that, despite being labelled as a sciophytic taxon, R. virens seem to behave like a photophilous species. The Sierra del Sueve could be interpreted as “a refuge area” for this lichen in Europe. Nevertheless, we also found some thalli with visible signs of damage in phorophytes close to trails, forest tracks and zones frequented by animals, which indicates the presence of disturbances that may threaten their long-term survival in these forests. Project: PROMETEO/2021/005 (GVA to EB). | |||||
| 37070 | Neumann P. & Dolnik C. (2023): Cladonia parasitica und Nachweise anderer seltener un gefährdeter Flechten in Schleswig-Holstein. - Kieler Notizen zur Pflanzenkunde (Kieler Not. Pflanzenkd.), 47: 175–192. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Kieler-Notizen-zur-Pflanzenkunde_47_0175-0192.pdf. In the context of the surveys for a first atlas of the distribution of lichens in Schleswig- Holstein, numerous rare and remarkable species were recorded, including a first record of Xanthomendoza huculica, a new discovery of Cladonia parasitica as well as findings of previously very rarely recorded species such as Agonimia flabelliformis, Bacidina phacodes, Normandina acroglypta, Ramalina baltica, and Toniniopsis bagliettoana. | |||||
| 37069 | Robinson R., McCaw L. & Wills A. (2023): Biodiversity monitoring informs forest management in south-west Western Australia: Ten-year findings of Forestcheck. - Forest Ecology and Management, 529: 120659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120659. Long-term monitoring is an important element of ecologically sustainable forest management and provides the foundation for adaptive management under conditions of uncertainty and change. Management of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in south-west Western Australia is supported by an integrated monitoring program (Forestcheck) established to inform forest managers about trends in key elements of biodiversity associated with management activities. Forty-eight monitoring grids were established across four jarrah forest ecosystems following timber harvesting and silvicultural treatment, as well as in nearby forest that was unharvested or harvested >40 years previously. Biota monitored includes terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians), vascular plants, epigeous macrofungi, cryptogams (lichens, mosses, and liverworts) and macro-invertebrates. Initial findings from a first round of monitoring between 2001 and 2006 were published previously. Here we report on a second round of monitoring undertaken between 2007 and 2012 and compare findings with the previous round for taxonomic richness, community structure, and response to silvicultural treatment and time since fire. We tested two hypotheses for each of the groups studied: (1) that silvicultural treatment or (2) time since fire had no effect on (a) richness or (b) assemblage composition. A total of 3787 taxa were recorded. Dominant factors influencing total species richness and composition were forest ecosystem type, time of monitoring, time since harvesting and time since fire. Silvicultural treatment had no significant effect on mean richness of invertebrates, macrofungi, vascular plants and birds for either monitoring period but cryptogam richness was higher in unharvested forest and species richness of terrestrial vertebrate fauna was higher in harvested forest. Time since harvest had a significant influence on all species assemblages except terrestrial vertebrates but over time effects were ameliorated other than for cryptogams and birds. Time since fire had no effect on taxonomic richness for any of the groups examined, but significant differences in assemblage composition were detected between three categories of time since fire for all the groups except terrestrial vertebrates. Knowledge of the distribution of individual organisms and the composition of taxon assemblages in jarrah forest has been significantly improved as a result of monitoring, particularly for invertebrates, macrofungi and cryptogams. Some taxa across all groups were only recorded in forest subject to specific management including unharvested reference forest and forest subject to different intensities of timber harvesting, demonstrating that disturbance associated with timber harvesting and post-harvest burning can create conditions favourable for some organisms that are otherwise encountered rarely in mature forest. These results demonstrate the critical role of well-designed, systematic and multi-taxon ecological monitoring programs for evaluating biological responses to often contentious forest management practices. Monitoring, Silviculture, Retention forestry, Biodiversity, Prescribed fire | |||||
| 37068 | Koch N.M., Lendemer J.C., Manzitto-Tripp E.A., McCain C. & Stanton D.E. (2023): Carbon-concentrating mechanisms are a key trait in lichen ecology and distribution. - ECOLOGY, 104(5): e4011. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4011. Abstract Carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) are a widespread phenomenon in photosynthetic organisms. In vascular plants, the evolution of CCMs ([C44-carbon compound] and crassulacean acid metabolism [CAM]) is associated with significant shifts, most often to hot, dry and bright, or aquatic environments. If and how CCMs drive distributions of other terrestrial photosynthetic organisms, remains little studied. Lichens are ecologically important obligate symbioses between fungi and photosynthetic organisms. The primary photosynthetic partner in these symbioses can include CCM-presenting cyanobacteria (as carboxysomes), CCM-presenting green algae (as pyrenoids) or green algae lacking any CCM. We use an extensive dataset of lichen communities from eastern North America, spanning a wide climatic range, to test the importance of CCMs as predictors of lichen ecology and distribution. We show that the presence or absence of CCMs leads to opposite responses to temperature and precipitation in green algal lichens, and different responses in cyanobacterial lichens. These responses contrast with our understanding of lichen physiology, whereby CCMs mitigate carbon limitation by water saturation at the cost of efficient use of vapor hydration. This study demonstrates that CCM status is a key functional trait in obligate lichen symbioses, equivalent in importance to its role in vascular plants, and central for studying present and future climate responses. carboxysomes, ecophysiology, green algae, photobiont, photosynthesis, pyrenoids | |||||
| 37067 | Bajpai R., Pandey U., Singh B.N., Pande V., Singh C.P. & Upreti D.K. (2023): Bioprospection Potential of Indian Cladoniaceae Together with Its Distribution, Habitat Preference, and Biotechnological Prospects. - Biotechnology in Environmental Remediation, 2023: 155-192. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527839063.ch9. Summary The terricolous lichen communities in lowlands occur especially in open, dry habitats and are often dominated by species of the genus Cladonia belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. The family is precisely variable in morphology, reproduction strategies, and secondary metabolites. The Indian Himalayan regions exhibit the occurrence of 67 species of terricolous communities represented by four genera, of which 42 species in the Cladonioid community have fumarprotocetraric acid. The fumarprotocetraric acid-containing species have special traits; they prefer to grow on soil, dead decaying wood, and soil over rocks. A primary squamulose thallus, microsquamules present or absent on podetial, scyphae with brown or red brown, and hymenium disc are the main traits. The objective of the present study is to determine the structure and composition of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in six Himalayan states of India, together with a comparative assessment of functional traits varied in different habitats together with metabolites. The qualitative assessment of secondary metabolites will also serve as a baseline for the development of green medicines in the near future by the biotechnological applications. bioprospection, ecology, green molecules, mycobiont culture, secondary metabolites | |||||
| 37066 | Srivastava P. & Sarethy I.P. (2023): Biotechnology-based Profiling of Lichens and Their Metabolites for Therapeutic Applications. - Current Applied Science and Technology, 24(2): e0256497. https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2023.256497. Lichens have been inadequately studied for their medicinal value though recent studies have established them as potential sources of bioactive compounds that show antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Pseudocyphellaria aurata, Usnea bismolliuscula, Usnea longissimi, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Sulcaria sulcate and Solorina crocea have been used by humans since ancient times as a part of their folk wisdom. Recent studies have shown that metabolites from lichens show promising bioactive properties. This review focuses on the necessity for utilizing a modern biotechnology-based approach for elucidating the role and unrealized potential of lichens. Technologies such as genomics, metagenomics, and proteomics have been applied to a far lesser extent in lichens, but the limited studies have revealed the unrealized potential of lichens in modern therapeutics. We attempt to provide a broad overview of the known and unknown in lichen research – ranging from the metabolite production pathways to the genomics and metagenomics, and further to the proteomics and transcriptomics of lichens, the threads of which need to be pieced together to provide a roadmap for further studies. metabolomics antimicrobial anticancer secondary metabolite | |||||
| 37065 | Avila-Zamora S.J., Pinzon-Perez Y.D. & Acero-Godoy J. (2023): Artículo de revisión. Ácido úsnico: alternativa potencial contra la resistencia bacteriana actual [Review article. Usnic acid: potential alternative against current bacterial resistance]. - Revista Tecnología en Marcha, 36(3): 145–157. Revista Tecnología en Marcha . [in Spanish with English abstract: ] Usnic acid (AU) is a lichen substance, which is part of the secondary metabolites of lichens, which are organisms that generate a symbiosis between a photosynthetic organism and a mycobiont, such as Usnea sp, produced by different metabolic pathways, such as this is the case of the AU substance resulting from the acetate-malonate pathway. On the other hand, the extraction of UA is carried out by means of organic solvents, maceration and for its identification, high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPCL) is carried out. Lichen substances have antimycotic, antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial characteristics, the latter has been studied against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Streptoccocus sp., among others, due to antiquity of hospital prevalence, due to the fact that they have developed resistance against used antibiotics, concern; Therefore, new alternatives are being sought that allow us to continue fighting these pathogens. The mechanisms of action used by UA have been investigated, among which are the ability to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial primers, preventing their replication. has confirmed its in vitro use against multiresistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, showing that UA has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25–50 μg/mL (1). The UA inhibition mechanism can lead to bacterial growth arrest; through mechanisms such as replication inhibition (DNA-RNA) in addition to the inhibition of bacterial resistance genes, thus shielding this possible antibiotic against resistant bacterial strains currently found. Keywords Antimicrobial activity; symbiosis; lichen; metabolic pathways. | |||||
| 37064 | Pérez-Pérez R.E., Silva-Espejo R., Figueroa-Castro D.M. & Castañeda-Posadas C. (2024): Riqueza y composición de líquenes de los pueblos mágicos de Cuetzalan y Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, México [Lichen richness and composition of the magical towns of Cuetzalan and Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, Mexico]. - Polibotánica, 58: 31–47. https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.3. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] Beyond the cultural and historical richness that identifies Cuetzalan and Tlatlauquitepec, there is the biological diversity it houses. The dominant type of vegetation is the cloud forest, which is at risk of disappearing due to the transformation to land cultivation, coffee plantations, and tourism, causing the extirpation of the species that live there, such as ferns, lycopods, and lichens. This study aimed to document the lichen richness species of cloud forest; we conducted field trips and opportunistic non-quantitative recollections. We identified 110 lichen species in 52 genera. Most of the species were crustose lichens (38%) and foliose lichens (51%). The genus Parmotrema was mesodiverse with 23 species, while 33 genera were monospecific in presenting only one species each, such as Bacidia, Baeomyces, Bulbothrix, Dermatocarpon, and Teloschistes. We report to Allographa chlorocarpa, A. rufopallida, Leucodermia guzmaniana, and Pyxine pyxinoides that had not previously been recorded in the Puebla state. Instead of the results obtained, there is still much work to inventory the lichen thoroughly. It is necessary to design effective strategies in which lichens are included in priority areas for conservation since they are an important component of ecosystems. Key words Growth forms; mesodiverse; monospecific; richness; conservation. | |||||
| 37063 | Rodríguez M.P., Michlig A. & Popoff O.F. (2024): Nuevas citas del género Emmanuelia (Ascomycetes liquenizados, Peltigerales) para el norte de Argentina. - Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 59: 3–12. https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v59. n1.43707. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] Background and aims: A revision of the genus Emmanuelia in northern Argentina is presented, in order to increase the knowledge of this group of lichens in the country. The species belonging to this genus, recently described, were previously within Lobaria. M&M: Samples deposited in the CTES herbarium and collected in the forests of northern Argentina were studied. Morphological and anatomical analyses were carried out using a stereoscopic and optical microscope, and chemical analysis of the material was performed with spot colour reactions with 10% potassium hydroxide (K), sodium hypochlorite (C), and K followed by C (KC), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results: Through the morphoanatomical and chemical studies of the material deposited in the CTES herbarium, the presence of three species in the north of Argentina was determined. Emmanuelia elaeodes and E. erosa are recorded for the first time for the country, and E. tenuis extends its distribution for Corrientes province. Each species is described and photographed, and a dichotomous key to the species present in Argentina is provided. Conclusions: This work increases and updates the knowledge about this group of lichens in Argentina, with the addition of species previously not known for the country. Furthermore, it was possible to confirm the presence of E. tenuis and to determine that E. cuprea y E. patinifera would not be in Argentina. Key words: Diversity, Lobaria, Lobarioideae, Peltigeraceae, rainforests. | |||||
| 37062 | Chavarría-Valverde M.Y., Gastezzi-Arias P. & Ching-Wong A.V.W. (2024): Musgos y líquenes: Sus características biológicas para su conservación y uso sostenible en el Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica [Mosses and lichens: Their biological characteristics for their conservation and sustainable use at Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica]. - Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, 21(48): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v21i48.7039. [in Spanish with English abstract: ] At Cerro de la Muerte, mosses and lichens are extracted for commercial use, and despite their socioeconomic and ecological importance in the high-altitude towns and ecosystems of Costa Rica, few studies have been assess their biological importance. In this study, some of the biological characteristics of mosses and lichens were evaluated to improve their conservation in Cerro de la Muerte. Two sites were selected, one disturbed (pasture) and one not disturbed (protected area), where transects and subplots were established to determine the diversity of species in both sites. In these same transects, samples of mosses and lichens were collected to determine the relative growth rate (TCR) and water retention capacity. A dominance of the moss Leptodontium sp. for the distrubed site, while in protected site the dominant moss is Sphagnum sp. The highest TCR and water retention capacity was found in Sphagnum sp. with 70%, and 26% Leptodontium sp. Therefore, to conserve the mosses and lichens in the highlands of Cerro de la Muerte and the ecosystems that depend on these organisms, it is important to keep harvesting mosses of the genus Leptodontium sp. for commercialization, since this will control its dominance in the disturbed site, and the second in dominance in the protected site. This species has a high five-month TCR and a low water retention capacity. Keywords: High altitude ecosystems, diversity, regeneration, water retention capacity, protection. | |||||
| 37061 | Tüzün B.S., Karadağ B.T., Oran S., Öztürk Ş., Yilmaz F.F., Fafal T. & Kivçak B. (2024): Determination of phytochemical contents by LC/QTOF/MS and evaluation of in-vitro biological activities of 2 Peltigera lichens from Bursa. - Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 96(2): e20230657 [16 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230657. Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae and fungi. They are edible as food and have been used in traditional medicine for years. It is aimed to screen Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopfand and Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln. phytochemically by LC/QTOF/MS and according to the constituents to evaluate the antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. In total 54 of metabolites detected by LC/QTOF/MS were common in both species. According to LC/QTOF/MS scanning results, alkaloids, iridoid glycosides, phenolics, cyanogenetic glycosides, and terpenic structures were detected. DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activities, and metal chelating capacity IC50 values were 84.55, 9.349; 51.27, 9.127; 95.01, 58.65 and 20.57, 70.08 µg/mL., respectively. The CUPRAC reducing power was determined as 4.69 and 9.57 TEACCUPRAC, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibitor activity were found to be 86.95 and 196.7 µg/mL. Both lichens did not show antimicrobial effects. As a result of the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities it was seen that their activities were significant and further in vivo studies could be carried out on this lichens. Key words: Antioxidant; LC/QTOF/MS; Lichen phenolics; Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln; Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.); Tyrosinase inhibitor. | |||||
| 37060 | dos Santos A.M., Bessa L.A., Augusto D.S.S., Vasconcelos Filho S.C., Batista P.F. & Vitorino L.C. (2023): Biomarkers of pollution by glyphosate in the lichens,Parmotrema tinctorium and Usnea barbata. - Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83: e273069 [22 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273069. Glyphosate is a herbicide commonly used in agriculture for weed control. Current agricultural production demands vast amounts of this product, which are applied by ground or aerial spraying. The concomitant aerial currents promote glyphosate drift to vegetated or urban areas. In this context, we hypothesized that the lichens, Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea barbata, could be sensitive to the action of glyphosate and therefore be used to bio-indicate the presence of this herbicide in areas affected by drift. Since living organisms respond in different ways to the action of herbicides, our interest was also to indicate biological markers responsive to the action of glyphosate, through concentrations and exposure times of the thallus, besides identifying the most sensitive species. We evaluated the effect of different concentrations (0.0, 4.8, 9.6, and 19.2 mg L-1) and exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours) to glyphosate on the morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, and oxidative metabolism of the thalli. We found that the lichens, P. tinctorum and U. barbata, respond to glyphosate stress, with prospects for use in the biomonitoring of pollutant dispersal from plantation areas. When using P. tinctorum as a bioindicator, lichen morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, and photosynthetic pigment concentration were efficient biomarkers for the effect of concentration and exposure time. For U. barbata, the lichenic morphoanatomy and the activity of SOD and APX enzymes were essential tools to indicate the herbicide action. Parmotrema tinctotum, however, was characterized as more sensitive in bio-indicating the presence of this herbicide to diagnose the air quality in urban areas or vegetation sectors adjacent to agricultural environments. Keywords: biomonitoring, photobionts, herbicides, mycobionts, Parmeliaceae. | |||||
| 37059 | Djukanovich-Iturbe M., Herrero M.L. & Rodríguez J.M. (2024): Effect of biological soil crusts (BSCs) composition on early establishment of vascular plants in eroded soils. - Rodriguésia, 75: e01642023 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202475059. Biological soil crusts (BSCs), composed of lichens and bryophytes among the most conspicuous organisms, colonize and stabilize eroded soils, provide nutrients and interact with vascular plants. The effect of BSCs on germination and early establishment of plants is far from being fully understood. The relationship between BSC composition and vascular plants has been found to be species-specific. In this study, we evaluated how BSC composition affects germination and early establishment in two species of vascular plants (Jarava juncoides and Noticastrum marginatum) present in eroded areas of the Sierras Grandes de Córdoba, central Argentina. We conducted a laboratory experiment that consisted of sowing seeds of the two plant species on different types of BSC cover: Diploschistes spp. (crustose lichens), Xanthoparmelia spp. (foliose lichens), Cladonia spp. (fruticose lichens), Polytrichum sp. (bryophytes), and bare soil as control treatment. We recorded the number of germinated seeds and of established seedlings for two months. Bryophytes and lichens did not facilitate seed germination in the controlled environment; however, early establishment was not affected by the treatments. The interaction between BSCs and germination and early establishment of the studied vascular plants was found to depend on the dominant composition of the BSCs and the plant species. Key words: cryptogams, Jarava juncoides, lichens, mosses, Noticastrum marginatum. | |||||
| 37058 | Zhao Y., Zhao Y., Xu W., Lian Y. & Zhang Z. (2023): Are lipids, phenylpropanoids, and benzenoids potential metabolite biomarkers for succession in desert biocrusts?. - BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS, 59(8): 1013-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-023-01767-9. Metabolites can provide useful biomarkers to indicate changes in the soil microbial community. Here, we quantitatively assessed potential metabolite markers associated with biocrusts from early successional stages (cyanobacteria) to late successional stages (moss or lichens) in a desert ecosystem via untargeted metabolomics analysis. We identified 570 metabolites in total, several of which varied substantially among the different successional stages, thus serving as potential successional-stage biomarkers. Lipids and lipid-like molecules, as well as several volatile organic compounds (phenylpropanoids and polyketides/benzenoids), may serve as potential biomarkers to identify stages of the cyanobacteria-lichen-moss successional trajectory in biocrusts. | |||||
| 37057 | Varlı M., Ngo M.T., Kim S., Taş İ., Zhou R., Gamage C.D.B., Pulat S., Park S., Sesal N.C., Hur J., Kang K.B. & Kim H. (2023): A fatty acid-rich fraction of an endolichenic fungus Phoma sp. suppresses immune checkpoint markers via AhR/ARNT and ESR1. - Heliyon, 9(9): e19185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19185. Lung cancer has the highest mortality rates worldwide. The disease is caused by environmental pollutants, smoking, and many other factors. Recent treatments include immunotherapeutics, which have shown some success; however, the search for new therapeutics is ongoing. Endolichenic fungi produce a whale of a lot of secondary metabolites, the therapeutic effects of which are being evaluated. Here, we used a crude extract and subfractions of the endolichenic fungus, Phoma sp. (EL006848), isolated from the Pseudevernia furfuracea. It was identified the fatty acid components, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid, exist in subfractions E1 and E2. In addition, EL006848 and its fatty acids fractions suppressed benzo[a]pyrene (an AhR ligand)- induced expression of PD-L1 to inhibit the activity of multiple immune checkpoints. E2 subfraction, which had a higher fatty acid content than E1, downregulated expression of AhR/ARNT and several human transcription factors related to ESR1. Moreover, E2 showed a strong inhibitory effect on STAT3 expression and mild effect on NF-kB activity. These results suggest that fatty acids extracted from an endolichenic fungus can exert strong immunotherapeutic effects. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Estrogen receptor, Programmed death ligand 1, Immune checkpoint markers, Natural product, Endolichenic fungi | |||||
| 37056 | Gradascevic N., Čelebičić M., Mujić N., Karaman N. & Muftić E. (2023): Assessments of annual effective doses for population and estimation of environmental risk in the vicinity of coal-fired power plant Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. - Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 20: 100296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100296. | |||||
| 37055 | LaGreca S. (2021): In Memoriam: Richard Clinton Harris, 1939-2021. - Evansia, 38(2): 88-89. https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-38.2.88. Richard Clinton Harris (1939–2021) was a notable individual remembered for his remarkable contributions and the legacy he left behind. Born in 1939, he witnessed transformative decades in history and played a role that resonated within his community, profession, or sphere of influence. His life spanned an era marked by profound cultural, social, and technological changes, and he is celebrated for his commitment to values, leadership, or innovative spirit. Harris's passing in 2021 marked the conclusion of a life well-lived, leaving behind cherished memories for his family, friends, and all who knew him. His legacy continues to inspire those who follow in his footsteps. | |||||
| 37054 | Buck W.R. (2023): Obituary: Richard Clinton Harris (1939–2021). - The Bryologist, 126(2): 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-126.2.191. Richard Clinton Harris (6 December 1939–10 May 2021) is remembered by his husband and partner of over 46 years. Students and colleagues (Teuvo Ahti, Jessica Allen, Anja Amtoft, André Aptroot, Lois Brako, Irwin Brodo, Paul Diederich, Kendra Driscoll, Elizabeth Kneiper, Doug Ladd, James Lendemer, Zachary Muscavitch, and Rebecca Yahr) provide remembrances of how Dick influenced lichenology in general and them in particula | |||||
| 37053 | LaGreca S. (2023): Obituary: Chicita Francis Culberson (1931–2023). - The Bryologist, 126(3): 379-384. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-126.3.379. Chicita Francis Culberson (née Forman; Fig. 1) was born on November 1, 1931, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was the world's leading lichen chemist for many decades, and served as a role model for women botanists everywhere at a time when few women entered our field. A warm, soft-spoken person with a keen intellect and meticulous eye, Chicita died at the age of 91 on March 5, 2023, in Durham, North Carolina | |||||
| 37052 | Prylutskyi O. & Kapets N. (2024): State-of-the-Art of iNaturalist as a Source of Data on Ukrainian Fungi. - Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 9(1): 25 [13 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.717. This study evaluates the utility of iNaturalist, a citizen science platform, for mycological research in Ukraine. With over 69,000 fungal observations documented since its adoption, iNaturalist presents significant potential for supplementing professional mycological surveys. This work is novel in critically analyzing the spatial distribution, taxonomic coverage, and identification accuracy of iNaturalist fungal data, focusing on social processes underlying citizen scientists’ activity in Ukraine over the past five years. We explored observers’ activity and compared iNaturalist records with curated checklists and additional data sources. Despite inherent biases, our analysis shows that iNaturalist effectively documents conspicuous macroscopic fungi, often surpassing traditional sources in record numbers. However, limitations such as identification uncertainty and lack of voucher specimens persist, necessitating greater professional engagement. Enhanced collaboration between amateur and professional mycologists could unlock iNaturalist’s full potential, making it a robust tool for biodiversity monitoring and research in Ukraine. Keywords: iNaturalist; citizen science; fungi; Ukraine; spatial distribution; species monitoring. | |||||
| 37051 | Culberson C.F. (1969): Chemical and botanical guide to lichen products. - University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, [v-xi]+ 628 p. https://www.nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/RLL/PDF/R3773.pdf. book; lichen chemistry; secondary metabolites | |||||
| 37050 | Nagati M., Bergeron M.J., Gagné P., Arsenault A., Droit A., Wilson P., Pittoello G., Kutz S., Manseau M. & Martineau C. (2024): Exploring winter diet, gut microbiota and parasitism in caribou using multi-marker metabarcoding of fecal DNA. - Scientific Reports, 14: 27960 [16 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76594-5. In conservation strategies, getting precise and repeatable information on the species’ diet and health without relying on invasive or laborious methods is challenging. Here, we developed an efficient and non-invasive workflow for the sequencing and analysis of four taxonomic markers from fecal DNA to characterize the gut microbiota, parasites, and plants and lichens composing the winter diet of caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Canada’s most iconic endangered species. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of eukaryotes from seven locations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, allowed for the detection of five genera of parasites in caribou feces (including Nematodirella and Parelaphostrongylus) with variable frequency of occurrence depending on sampling location and sex. Our workflow also revealed a rich winter plant and lichen diet in caribou, with respectively 29 and 18 genera identified across all samples through plant and fungal ITS2 sequencing. Relationships between the gut microbiota and both the diet and parasite richness were also identified. Of note, the Central Saskatchewan sampling location was characterized by a clearly distinct gut microbiota which could be linked to an epiphytic lichen-rich diet. Overall, our results showed the potential of this multi-marker DNA metabarcoding workflow as an efficient tool to provide insights into the species biology and ecology. Keywords: Fecal DNA, Metabarcoding, Gut microbiota, Lichens, Caribou parasites, Rangifer tarandus. | |||||
| 37049 | Watts J.L., Raynor S.J., Li Y., Meier R., Cook C., Casini G., Chadwick E. & Manzitto-Tripp E.A. (2024): Lecanora exspersa: A new lichen record for North America and a key to sorediate Lecanora (Lecanoraceae) in western North America. - Bryologist, 127(4): 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-127.4.427. Lecanora exspersa Nyl., a corticolous sterile sorediate crustose lichen previously known only from sparse collections in the mountains of Eurasia, is here reported as new to North America. We collected eight specimens attributable to this name as a part of our recently launched comprehensive lichen inventory of the southern Rocky Mountains and adjacent high plains of Colorado. Chemical and morphological study of these specimens as well as a molecular phylogeny containing our specimens, accessions of L. exspersa from Europe, and other sorediate members of the genus with which L. exspersa may be confused, helped to confirm its identification and placement within the L. subfusca group. This new record for North America is characterized by its thin, grey, smooth to verruculose thallus on bark or wood, its discrete, circular mint-green soralia that erupt from verrucae (these becoming larger and plane with age and often bearing a prominent thalline rim), and its production of atranorin and nephrosteranic acid. We provide discussion along with a dichotomous key to help facilitate the identification of this species and other sorediate species of Lecanora from western North America. Continued fieldwork followed by herbarium studies of the Colorado lichen biota will, we predict, yield many new additional records as in the present report as well as species new to science. Keywords: Dichotomous key, internal transcribed spacer, molecular phylogeny, new report, southern Rocky Mountains, sterile sorediate crust. | |||||
| 37048 | Wilk K. & Osyczka P. (2024): Crystalline deposit in lichens: Determination of crystals with regard to practical application in standard taxonomic studies. - Acta Mycologica, 59: 193965 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/193965. The presence of various crystal forms is quite often noticed in lichens from many taxonomic groups. The crystalline deposit may be linked with the production of secondary metabolites or metal oxalates as well as to the uptake of calcium carbonate from the host substrate. Although the crystals are clearly visible under a microscope employing polarized light, their detailed determination is very difficult without the use of specialized equipment and analytical methods. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for the surface of lichen thalli to be covered with apparent pruina, which is formed by masses of calcium oxalate crystals. Regardless of their origin and distribution, crystalline products can perform an important functional role and enhance the adaptation of a given species to a specific habitat. Moreover, the presence and kind of crystals can be species-specific or characteristic of a certain group of species and, therefore, may constitute a useful diagnostic feature. We intended to examine the extent to which standard methods used in lichen taxonomy, such as solubility tests in chemical reagents, allow for the basic determination of crystals. We indicate the basic differences between various crystal deposits that can be observed inside or outside the lichen thallus. The presented results are based on examining selected specimens representing various lichen genera. Keywords: lichenized fungi; chemotypic features; oxalate crystals; taxonomy; Teloschistaceae. | |||||
| 37047 | Essadki Y., Hilmi A., Cascajosa-Lira A., Girão M., Darrag E.M., Martins R., Romane A., El Amrani Zerrifi S., Mugani R., Tazart Z., Redouane E.M., Jos A., Cameán A.M., Vasconcelos V., Campos A., El Khalloufi F., Oudra B., Barakate M. & Carvalho M.F. (2024): In vitro antimicrobial activity of volatile compounds from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. [sic!] against multidrug-resistant bacteria and fish pathogens. - Microorganisms, 12(11): 2336 [14 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112336. Lichens are symbiotic organisms with unique secondary metabolism. Various metabolites from lichens have shown antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial potential of the volatile compounds they produce. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in two regions of Morocco. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain volatile compounds from samples collected in the High Atlas and Middle Atlas. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified phenolic cyclic compounds as the primary constituents, with atraric acid and chloroatranol being the most abundant. Additionally, eight compounds were detected in lichens for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was assessed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both samples demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant human bacteria, reference microorganisms, fish pathogens, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 µg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL. This study provides the first report on the volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea and their antimicrobial effects, particularly against fish pathogens, suggesting their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary use. Further research is warranted to explore these findings in more detail. Keywords: lichens; Pseudevernia furfuracea; volatile compounds; multidrug-resistant bacteria; fish pathogens; minimum inhibitory concentration. | |||||
| 37046 | Košuthová A., McCune B., Odelvik G. & Timdal E. (2024): Three species of Stereocaulon new to Sweden, Central Europe and Europe. - Graphis Scripta, 36(8): 148–158. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/36_8/GS_36_148.pdf. We report the lichen-forming fungi Stereocaulon arenarium and S. cyaneum from Sweden for the first time, the latter being also new to Europe; furthermore S. groenlandicum is reported from Austria, new to Central Europe. New localities for S. arcticum are reported from northern Sweden. We propose to delete S. groenlandicum from the Fennoscandian checklist as the published material seems to be misidentified. Additional information about photosynthetic partners and new sequences of S. cyaneum are included. | |||||
| 37045 | Ravera S., Vizzini A., Puglisi M., Totti C., Azzella M.M., Battaglini A., Blaise P., Boccardo F., Bonini I., Cancellieri L., Clerc P., De Giuseppe A.B., Dovana F., Fačkovcová Z., Filibeck G., Filippelli F., Gheza G., Hafellner J., Isocrono D., Laface V.L.A., Malíček J., Mazzacuva G., Nascimbene J., Nimis P.L., Ongaro S., Pandeli G., Paoli L., Passalacqua N.G., Puntillo D., Puntillo M., Rosati L., Sicoli G., Torino L. & Tretiach M. (2024): Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 18. - Italian Botanist, 18: 59–73. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.18.138463. In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records, confirmations or exclusions for the algal genera Chara and Tolypella, the bryophyte genera Pogonatum, Pseudephemerum, and Riella, the fungal genera Arrhenia, Arthonia, Buchwaldoboletus, Dacampia, Hebeloma, Inocybe, and Trechispora, and the lichen genera Aspicilia, Bellemerea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Maronea, Parvoplaca, Polyozosia, Schismatomma, Solenopsora, Trapelia, and Zwackhia. Keywords: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Bryidae, Charophyceae. | |||||
| 37044 | Gazquez A., Bordenave C.D., Montero-Pau J., Pérez-Rodrigo M., Marco F., Martínez-Alberola F., Muggia L., Barreno E. & Carrasco P. (2024): From spores to gametes: A sexual life cycle in a symbiotic Trebouxia microalga. - Algal Research, 84: 103744 [13 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2024.103744. Trebouxiophyceae are particularly widespread in terrestrial environments and comprise most of the lichen-forming microalgae genera. These symbionts have been frequently considered asexual, however, their life cycles remain largely unknown. We sequenced and analysed the nuclear genome of Trebouxia lynniae, a model Trebouxiophyceae phycobiont, monitored and modelled its colony proliferation and analysed cell population dynamics by using flow cytometry coupled with microscopy and ploidy analysis. The genome inspection unveiled the presence of a “meiosis toolkit”, indicative of sexual reproduction, and the absence of TALE transcription factors related with haplontic life cycles. Moreover, we reveal that T. lynniae possesses a diploid genome, sexual reproduction, and diplontic life cycle. Also, we have demonstrated that its zoospores are gametes, and that meiosis is prezygotic. These discoveries illuminate Trebouxiophyceae ecology and evolution, highlighting the potential adaptive significance of sex in the face of challenging and changing ecological conditions like those faced by lichen symbionts. Moreover, characterizing this terrestrial Chlorophyta's life cycle contributes to shape evolutionary theories that aim to elucidate the path that they took during terrestrialization, suggesting that, as proposed for Streptophyta, it may have been mediated by a life cycle shift. Keywords: Phycobiont; Terrestrialization; Chlorophyta; Microalgae; Whole genome sequencing; Sexual reproduction. | |||||
| 37043 | Dou M., Li J., Hu Y., Aptroot A. & Jia Z. (2024): Phylogenetic analysis shows that Pyrenula (Pyrenulaceae) diversity is larger than expected: three new species and one new record discovered in China. - MycoKeys, 110: 159–183. https://doi.org/10.3897/ mycokeys.110.131741. The lichenised fungal genus Pyrenula is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. We carried out an integrative taxonomic study on Pyrenula in China using morphological, anatomical, chemical characters, and molecular data (ITS, nuLSU, mtSSU). Three new species with muriform ascospores containing red oil when over-mature were found: Pyrenula submacularis sp. nov., P. yunguiensis sp. nov. and P. rufotetraspora sp. nov. Molecular data and TLC results of P. macularis and P. breutelii are for the first time reported and show that they are not synonyms. This is the first report of P. breutelii in China. Contrary to the previous reports of this genus, we found lichen substances in all the five species in this study, seemingly terpenoids. A key for the Pyrenula species reported in China is provided. Key words: Chemical substances, diversity, morphology, new taxa, phylogeny. | |||||
| 37042 | Nguyen T.M., Pombubpa N., Huntemann M., Clum A., Foster B., Foster B., Roux S., Palaniappan K., Varghese N., Mukherjee S., Reddy T.B.K., Daum C., Copeland A., Chen I-M.A., Ivanova N.N., Kyrpides N.C., Harmon-Smith M., Eloe-Fadrosh E.A., Pietrasiak N., Stajich J.E. & Hom E.F.Y. (2024): Whole community shotgun metagenomes of two biological soil crust types from the Mojave Desert. - Microbiology Resource Announcements, 13(3): 00980-23 [5 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00980-23. We present six whole community shotgun metagenomic sequencing data sets of two types of biological soil crusts sampled at the ecotone of the Mojave Desert and Colorado Desert in California. These data will help us understand the diversity and function of biocrust microbial communities, which are essential for desert ecosystems. Keywords: metagenomics; soil crusts. | |||||
| 37041 | Wei J., Yuan X., Geng Y., Bi W. & Wang Y. (2023): Draft genome sequence of endolichenic fungus Dothichiza sp. strain YAFEF048, isolated from Usnea longissima on Haba Snow Mountain. - Microbiology Resource Announcements, 12(2): e01011-23 [3 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01011-23. In this study, we report a draft genome sequence of the endolichenic fungus Dothichiza sp. strain YAFEF048, isolated from the lichen Usnea longissima on Haba Snow Mountain. The genome resource will support future research into the endolichenic lifestyle and potential secondary metabolite diversity of this fungus. Keywords: Dothichiza sp; genome; Usnea longissima. | |||||
| 37040 | Vecherskii M.V., Khayrullin D.R., Shadrin A.M., Lisov A.V., Zavarzina A.G., Zavarzin A.A. & Leontievsky A.A. (2022): Metagenomes of lichens Solorina crocea and Peltigera canina. - Microbiology Resource Announcements, 11(1): e01000-21 [2 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01000-21. Lichen genomes are usually considered genomes of separately cultured mycobiont and photobiont. Analysis of lichen metagenomes can give important information on specific lichen-associated microorganisms that can affect lichen metabolism. Here, we report a metagenome of peltigeralean lichens, containing cyanobacterial (Peltigera canina) and cyanobacterial/green algal (Solorina crocea) partners. Lichen genomes are usually considered genomes of separately cultured mycobiont and photobiont. Analysis of lichen metagenomes can give important information on specific lichen-associated microorganisms that can affect lichen metabolism. Here, we report a metagenome of peltigeralean lichens, containing cyanobacterial (Peltigera canina) and cyanobacterial/green algal (Solorina crocea) partners. | |||||
| 37039 | Polyiam W., Watthana S., Muangsan N., Parnmen S. & Lücking R. (2024): Aptrootia khaoyaiensis (Trypetheliaceae), a new corticolous lichen from the dry dipterocarp forest in central Thailand. - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000136. Aptrootia khaoyaiensis Polyiam & Lücking is described as new to science from dry dipterocarp forest in central Thailand, based on morphological assessment and sequence data of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU). The new species is characterized by a corticolous habit, a corticate thallus, ascomata typically immersed in the thallus, with a brown to blackish ostiolar region, an inspersed hamathecium, and dark brown, muriform ascospores occurring 1–2 per ascus. Phylogenetic analyses support placement of the new species in Aptrootia; it is morphologically close to A. elatior but differs in the smaller ascospores and the inspersed hamathecium. biodiversity, phylogeny, taxonomy, tropical rainforest | |||||
| 37038 | Mikhailova I. & Mikryukov V. (2024): Lichen recovery in a formerly polluted area: the importance of bark properties for soredia survival. - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000173. An experiment was conducted on the development of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. from soredia to branched lobes near the copper smelter in the Middle Urals 10 years after emission cessation. Soredia were cultivated in fir-spruce forests in heavily polluted and unpolluted areas. In both areas, soredia development was examined on fir bark collected from both the heavily polluted and unpolluted areas. The probability of lobe formation was lower in the polluted area even when soredia were cultivated on bark from the unpolluted area. Bark from the polluted area negatively impacted the success of soredia development, irrespective of the cultivation area. The lowest success of early development occurred when soredia were cultivated on polluted bark in the heavily polluted area, where the already low probability of lobe formation was accompanied by high mortality of the developed lobes. This study underscores the enduring impact of industrial pollution on H. physodes development, highlighting the need for ongoing environmental restoration and monitoring efforts in post-industrial areas to support biodiversity conservation. Hypogymnia physodes, Middle Urals, air pollution, early development, recolonization | |||||
| 37037 | Khodosovtsev A., Darmostuk V., Dembicz I., Dengler J., Moysiyenko I. & Kuzemko A. (2024): Сircinaria ucrainica sp. nov., a new species from sand dunes of the Lower Dnipro valley (Ukraine). - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000197. During a recent expedition of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group in the steppes of southern Ukraine, we discovered on sand dunes a new sterile crustose aspicilioid lichen with rhizomorphs. It is described here as new to science under the name Circinaria ucrainica (Megasporaceae). The new combination Circinaria reptans (Looman) Khodos. & Darmostuk is also proposed. Circinaria ucrainica is characterized by small grey areoles with a net of dark grey to brownish spicate prothalline tips and pale rhizomorphs. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the new species is closely related to the terricolous Circinaria reptans, but the latter has thicker rhizomorphs of 200–400 μm diameter, finely developed areoles and lacks spicate prothalline tips. Furthermore, we discuss the differences between the new species and other morphologically similar species with rhizomorphs, such as Aspicilia spicata, Circinaria crespiana and C. reptans. The ecological characters of soil and vegetation, including vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, are provided for the habitat of C. ucrainica. Megasporaceae, biological crust, dry grassland, lichen, phylogeny | |||||
| 37036 | Hill D. (2024): Biology of Algae, Lichens and Bryophytes Edited by Burkhard Bϋdel, Thomas Friedl and Wolfram Beyschlag. 2024. Published by Springer Specktrum, Berlin. Pp 662, numerous photographs and illustrations. 215 × 285 × 32 mm, 2.045 kg. ISBN 978-3-662-65711-9, Hardback (978-3-662-65712-6 eBook). In English. Available from Amazon and Springer Link (Price £119.99 plus postage). - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 183-183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000318. | |||||
| 37035 | Goward T., Coxson D. & Gauslaa Y. (2024): The Manna Effect – a review of factors influencing hair lichen abundance for Canada's endangered Deep-Snow Mountain Caribou (Rangifer arcticus montanus). - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000161. Canada's endangered Deep-Snow Mountain Caribou (DSC) are endemic to mountainous southern inland British Columbia, where they subsist in winter on an almost exclusive diet of epiphytic hair lichens, especially Bryoria fremontii and B. pseudofuscescens (the high-biomass Bryoria spp.) and Alectoria sarmentosa. Importantly, stand-level hair lichen loadings adequate for the dietary needs of DSC rarely occur in forests younger than c. 120–150 years, an unusual form of old-growth dependence hypothetically linked to certain structural features of old forest ecosystems. Not only does this hypothesis accord well with recent insights into hair lichen ecophysiology, it also allows the formulation of a conceptual ‘hyperabundance’ model for the high-biomass Bryoria spp. and lays the foundation for a similar model for A. sarmentosa. In both cases the models point to a massive standing crop of hair lichens in the overstories of old-growth forests; it is this reservoir that, partly by releasing a constant manna-like rain of thallus fragments into the lower canopy, sustains DSC during the winter half year. The outcome is a sustained-yield system resistant to degradation from overbrowsing, yet vulnerable to fragmentation of old-growth forests by industrial forestry, a process of progressive forage reduction that must ultimately place DSC at risk of winter malnutrition. We conclude that stand-level hair lichen hyperabundance is necessarily an attribute of advanced forest age and, at least in the case of Bryoria, cannot be silviculturally induced in stands younger than c. 120–150 years. Alectoria, Bryoria, hair lichens, mountain caribou, old-growth forest | |||||
| 37034 | Fryday A.M., Götz A.M. & Ruprecht U. (2024): Imsharria orangei (Ascomycota, Lecideaceae), a new genus and species, and a new species of Porpidia, from the Falkland Islands. - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000148. The new genus Imsharria is proposed for a crustose species found on or near mountain summits on the Falkland Islands. It is separated from other genera of Lecideaceae by a combination of Porpidia-type asci, halonate ascospores, immersed apothecia and a hyaline hypothecium, and forms a distinct branch in the phylogenetic analysis using the markers nrITS and mtSSU. The single species, I. orangei, is characterized by its innate apothecia with a brown disc and a thallus containing norstictic acid and an amyloid (I+ violet) medulla. In addition, Porpidia imshaugii is described for a species from the Falkland Islands resembling P. skottsbergiana but with larger ascospores, and Porpidia navarina is shown to belong in the genus Poeltiaria, with the new combination Poeltiaria navarina being made. A key to the Lecideaceae on the Falkland Islands is provided. Amygdalaria, Immersaria, Poeltiaria, Schizodiscus, Xenolecia, lichen, phylogenetic analysis, porpidioid genera, southern subpolar region | |||||
| 37033 | Fryday A., Svoboda S., Vondrák J., Ward D.A. & Struwig M. (2024): Caloplaca tswaluensis (Teloschistales, Teloschistaceae): a new species from South Africa with plurilocular ascospores. - The Lichenologist, 56(4): 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282924000185. The new species Caloplaca tswaluensis is described from Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Caloplaca tswaluensis occurs on the trunks of Vachellia erioloba (camelthorn) trees and is characterized by its 3-septate to quadrilocular ascospores. Molecular data indicate that the new species is placed in the subfamily Teloschistoideae but cannot be assigned to any existing genus and, because its systematic position is unclear, we choose to describe it in Caloplaca s. lat. Caloplaca tswaluensis is compared with other crustose Teloschistaceae species with plurilocular ascospores. Teloschistoideae, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, arid habitats, corticolous lichens, disjunct distributions | |||||
| 37032 | Hadfield R., Mulford T., Fisher M.L., Borgmeier A., Ardon D.A., Suchomel A.D., Fomekong-Lontchi J., Sutherland L., Huie M., Lupiyaningdyah P., Nichols S., Lin Z.F., Anantaprayoon N. & Leavitt S.D. (2024): Imperiled wanderlust lichens in steppe habitats of western North America comprise geographically structured mycobiont lineages and a reversal to sexual reproduction within this asexual clade. - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 201: 108212 [18 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108212. The northern North American Cordillera is a globally significant center of endemism. In western North America, imperiled arid steppe habitats support a number of unique species, including several endemic lichens. However, processes driving diversification and endemism in this region remain unclear. In this study, we investigate diversity and phylogeography of the threatened wanderlust lichens (mycobiont = Rhizoplaca species) which occur unattached on calcareous soils in steppe habitats. Wanderlust lichens comprise three species of lichen-forming fungi (LFF) – Rhizoplaca arbuscula, R. haydenii, and R. idahoensis (endangered, IUCN Red List) – which occur in fragmented populations in Idaho and Wyoming, with more limited populations in southern Montana and northern Utah. These lichens reproduce almost exclusively via large, asexual vegetative propagules. Here, our aims were to (i) assess the evolutionary origin of this group and identify phylogeographic structure, (ii) infer ancestral geographic distributions for lineages within this clade, and (iii) use species distribution modeling to better understand the distribution of contemporary populations. Using a genome-skimming approach, we generated a 19.1Mb alignment, spanning ca. half of the complete LFF genome, from specimens collected throughout the entire range of wanderlust lichens. Based on this phylogeny, we investigated phylogeographic patterns using RASP. Finally, we used MaxEnt to estimate species distribution models for R. arbuscula and R. haydenii. We inferred a highly structured topology, with clades corresponding to distinct geographic regions and morphologies collected throughout the group’s distribution. We found that R. robusta, a sexually reproducing taxon, is clearly nested within the vagrant Rhizoplaca clade. Phylogeographic analyses suggest that both dispersal and vicariance played significant roles throughout the evolutionary history of the vagrant Rhizoplaca clade, with most of the dispersal events originating from the Salmon Basin in eastern Idaho – the center of diversity for this group. Despite the fact that wanderlust lichens are dispersal limited due to large, unspecialized vegetative propagules, we inferred multiple dispersal events crossing the Continental Divide. Comparing herbarium records with species distribution models suggests that wanderlust lichens don’t fully occupy the areas of highest distribution probability. In fact, documented records often occur in areas predicted to be only marginally suitable. These data suggest a potential mismatch between contemporary habitats outside of the center of diversity in eastern Idaho with the most suitable habitat, adding to the vulnerability of this imperiled complex of endemic lichens. Keywords: Rhizoplaca; endemism; genome skimming; Intermountain West; phylogenomics; species distribution models (SDMs); steppe habitats; vagrant lichens. | |||||
| 37031 | Furmanek Ł., Żurek N., Kapusta I., Seaward M.R.D. & Czarnota P. (2024): The cytotoxic potential of polyphenols extracted from eight lichen species and their antioxidant activity against the cancer cell lines. - Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 62: 103424 [16 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103424. This article presents the results of in vitro experiments on the cytotoxic potential of ethanol extracts from 8 lichen species, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, C. digitata, C. gracilis, C. rangiferina, C. uncialis, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea, against 5 human cancer cell lines - MCF-7, Caco-2, SK-mel-28, U87MG and Jurkat. The potential of the re-dissolved and then tested extracts was determined by means of TPC, free radical scavenging activity in ABTS•+, superoxide and hydroxyl tests, copper ion reduction activity, and chelating ability of ferrous ion. The highest TPC (114.29 mg GAE/g), ABTS•+ (440.61 mmol TE/100 g) and hydroxyl (IC50: 0.71 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities tests was obtained for the Pseudevernia furfuracea extract, and for the superoxide radical scavenging activity test (IC50: 0.98 mg/mL), the highest potential was found for the extracts from P. furfuracea and Cladonia digitata, and for the copper ion reduction activity (88.15 mmol TE/100 g) and chelating ability of ferrous ion (IC50: 1.83 mg/mL) tests, the highest potential was shown for the extract from C. digitata. In the cytotoxicity tests, the strongest potential was shown by the P. furfuracea extract against the MCF-7 (IC50: 110.84 μg/mL), Caco-2 (IC50: 123.86 μg/mL) and U87MG (IC50: 107.43 μg/mL) cancer cell lines. A wound scratch test against the MCF-7 using Pseudevernia furfuracea extract showed a 50% reduction in tumor cell proliferation. The qualitative - 28 secondary metabolites from depside and depsidones classes - and quantitative profile of lichen extracts was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Keywords: Anticancer studies; Secondary metabolites; Pseudevernia furfuracea; MCF-7; Jurkat; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. | |||||
| 37030 | Lehtonen S. (2024): Seeking the first phylogenetic method–Edvard A. Vainio (1853–1929) and his troubled endeavour towards a natural lichen classification in the late nineteenth century Finland. - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 46: 37 [22 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-024-00635-5. Edvard August Vainio was a world-renowned Finnish lichenologist. In Finland, however, he was a controversial person due to his strong pro-Finnish political views. Equally disputed was his opinion that systematics should be based on evolutionary theory and phylogenetic thinking. Vainio was familiar with the ideas of the early German phylogeneticists—especially those of Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli – and, applying them, aimed to create an exact method for building a natural classification of lichens already at the end of the nineteenth century. In this respect, Vainio was a true pioneer, as no actual phylogenetic method had yet been developed. In the general spirit of the time, Vainio focused on finding the ancestors of species and other taxa by comparing primitive and derived features of homologous characters. However, Vainio already understood the concept of sister groups in 1880, the identification of which is the basis of all modern phylogenetic research. Nevertheless, the distinctive method developed by Vainio was not so much focused on the construction of a phylogenetic tree, but on revealing the origin of species through the differentiation and fixation of their polymorphic variation. Indeed, Vainio’s species concept is surprisingly similar to the phylogenetic species concepts presented a hundred years later. Although in many ways progressive, Vainio’s views did not influence the development of phylogenetics more widely, but his discussions are nevertheless a valuable source to understanding the early development of phylogenetic theory. Keywords: Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli · Ernst Haeckel · Monophyly · Phylogenetic method · Theory of evolution · Lichenology. | |||||
| 37029 | Öztürk Ş., Güvenç Ş., Oran S. & Yende A. (2023): Comparison of epiphytic lichen diversity on the base and trunk of Quercus robur population in Görükle campus area of Bursa Uludag University (Bursa, Türkiye). - Mantar Dergisi, 14(2): 111–118. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1314644. This study was carried out in a pedunculate oak grove located next to the Faculty of Agriculture in the Görükle campus area of Bursa Uludag University. Differences in epiphytic lichen diversity on the base and trunk of Quercus robur L. were analyzed. A significant difference in epiphytic lichen diversity between the base and trunk of the tree was found. The community structure of epiphytic lichens on Q. robur is characterized by the Physcietum adscendens association within the alliance of Xanthorion parietinae. The diversity of epiphytic lichens and the number of species are higher on the trunk rather than at the base of the trees. Keywords: Physcietum, Species diversity, Species richness, Xanthorion. | |||||
| 37028 | Güvenç Ş., Öztürk Ş. & Oran S. (2024): Vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens on Quercus robur L. in Görükle Campus Area of Bursa Uludag University (Bursa, Türkiye). - Anatolian Journal of Botany, 8(2): 181–189. doi: 10.30616/ajb.1533982. In this study, the vertical change of epiphytic lichen species on Quercus robur was examined in Johansson zones based on frequency and cover values. A total of 20 epiphytic lichen species were determined from five trees. Total frequency and cover values of epiphytic lichen species show significant changes in Johansson regions. Beta diversity and Shannon diversity index values shows significant change with Johansson zone pairs. There is a significant difference in epiphytic lichen diversity between the Z1Z2 zone pair corresponding to the base and middle part of trunk on trees, and the Z4Z5 zone pair corresponding to the branches. Athallia pyracea, Catillaria nigroclavata, Physcia adscendens and Rinodina pyrina were positively correlated with Johansson zones, while Phaeophyscia orbicularis was negatively correlated with Johansson zones. A. pyracea is an indicator species especially for thin branches (Z5). P. adscendens is an indicator for Z4 and Ph. orbicularis is for the trunk part of the tree (Z1, Z2 and Z3). Key words: Epiphytic lichen, vertical distribution, species diversity, species richness, Quercus robur. | |||||
| 37027 | Łubek A., Szymczyk R. & Zaniewski P. (2024): New and other noteworthy lichens from Poland. - Acta Mycologica, 59: 193964 [8 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/193964 . New lichenological data of thirteen rare, protected, and noteworthy lichen species found in Central and North-Eastern Poland are presented. One species – Absconditonia rubra is new to Poland and six of them – Biatora veteranorum, Normandina pulchella, Lepraria umbricola, Micarea isidioprasina, M. soralifera, Mycoblastus sanguinarius, and Trapelia involuta are new to Central Poland. In addition, new localities of five rare and protected lichen species – Cetraria ericetorum, Chaenotheca brachypoda, Cladonia stellaris, Parmelia submontana and Peltigera malacea, are also presented. Keywords: Absconditonia rubra; lichenized fungi; protected species; endangered species; species distribution. | |||||
| 37026 | Łubek A., Wierzcholska S., Dyderski M.K., Horodecki P., Kamczyc J., Malicki M., Pietras M., Skorupski M., Sobczak T., Suchan T. & Jagodziński A.M. (2024): Cryptogam species diversity of mountain forest springs of the Stołowe Mountains National Park. - Acta Mycologica, 59: 193966 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/193966. Spring areas are specific habitats characterized by higher humidity, which favors the presence of a range of living organisms. We have studied three types of mountain forest springs (Piceo-Alnetum, Carici remotae-Fraxinetum, and Equiseto sylvatici-Piceetum abietis communities) of the Stołowe Mountains National Park (Poland), focusing on the species diversity of lichens and bryophytes. In terms of the diversity of cryptogam species, mountain forest springs exhibit a large pool of shared species. is similarity is most notable between the Piceo-Alnetum and Carici remotae-Fraxinetum associations. e highest number of species was found in Piceo-Alnetum. e results indicate that species richness of lichens and bryophytes was significantly higher in ash and alder springs. is high species richness was associated with the presence of Alnus species, Acer pseudoplatanus, and Fraxinus excelsior trees. Springs in mountainous areas serve as important hotspots for cryptogam species diversity, particularly for valuable species such as those that are protected, endangered, or relics of ancient forests. In the spring areas studied, only one invasive bryophyte species was found. Keywords: lichens; bryophytes; protected species; endangered species; invasive species. | |||||
| 37025 | Tagirdzhanova G., Saary P., Cameron E.S., Allen C.C.G., Garber A.I., Díaz Escandón D., Cook A.T., Goyette S., Tuovinen Nogerius V., Passo A., Mayrhofer H., Holien H., Tønsberg T., Stein L.Y., Finn R.D. & Spribille T. (2024): Microbial occurrence and symbiont detection in a global sample of lichen metagenomes. - PLoS Biology, 22(11): e3002862 [42 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002862. In lichen research, metagenomes are increasingly being used for evaluating symbiont composition and metabolic potential, but the overall content and limitations of these metagenomes have not been assessed. We reassembled over 400 publicly available metagenomes, generated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), constructed phylogenomic trees, and mapped MAG occurrence and frequency across the data set. Ninety-seven percent of the 1,000 recovered MAGs were bacterial or the fungal symbiont that provides most cellular mass. Our mapping of recovered MAGs provides the most detailed survey to date of bacteria in lichens and shows that 4 family-level lineages from 2 phyla accounted for as many bacterial occurrences in lichens as all other 71 families from 16 phyla combined. Annotation of highly complete bacterial, fungal, and algal MAGs reveals functional profiles that suggest interdigitated vitamin prototrophies and auxotrophies, with most lichen fungi auxotrophic for biotin, most bacteria auxotrophic for thiamine and the few annotated algae with partial or complete pathways for both, suggesting a novel dimension of microbial cross-feeding in lichen symbioses. Contrary to longstanding hypotheses, we found no annotations consistent with nitrogen fixation in bacteria other than known cyanobacterial symbionts. Core lichen symbionts such as algae were recovered as MAGs in only a fraction of the lichen symbioses in which they are known to occur. However, the presence of these and other microbes could be detected at high frequency using small subunit rRNA analysis, including in many lichens in which they are not otherwise recognized to occur. The rate of MAG recovery correlates with sequencing depth, but is almost certainly influenced by biological attributes of organisms that affect the likelihood of DNA extraction, sequencing and successful assembly, including cellular abundance, ploidy and strain co-occurrence. Our results suggest that, though metagenomes are a powerful tool for surveying microbial occurrence, they are of limited use in assessing absence, and their interpretation should be guided by an awareness of the interacting effects of microbial community complexity and sequencing depth. | |||||
| 37024 | Etayo J., Darmostuk V., Kukwa M. & Flakus A. (2024): High diversity of Trichonectria (Hypocreales) inhabiting Usnea in Bolivia. - Plant and Fungal Systematics, 69(2): 109–124. https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2024-0011. The Neotropics, particularly mountain cloud forests, are characterized by a high diversity of microfungi that inhabit lichens. However, based on our field studies, many of these microfungi remain undescribed, and their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. This study focuses on Bolivian lichenicolous Trichonectria inhabiting the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae), a common lichen host in the tropical Andean forests. Here, we present 14 species of which eight are described as new to science: Trichonectria abortispora sp. nov., T. biglobospora sp. nov., T. boliviana sp. nov., T. citrispora sp. nov., T. cylindrospora sp. nov., T. gigaspora sp. nov., T. microsporusneae sp. nov. and T. toensbergiana sp. nov. The five-locus phylogenetic analyses show that the anamorphic genus Cylindromonium and the teleomorphic genus Trichonectria cluster together in a well-supported clade within the order Hypocreales, but we have not yet reached a taxonomic conclusion. Phylogenetic placements of five lichenicolous species of the genus Trichonectria are reported here for the first time, including T. vinosa comb. nov. Key words: biodiversity hotspots, cloud forests, eight new species, lichenicolous fungi, mycoparasites. | |||||
| 37023 | Masyagina O.V., Evgrafova S.Y., Kovaleva N.M., Detsura A.E., Porfirieva E.V., Menyailo O.V. & Matvienko A.I. (2024): The hydration-dependent dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes of epiphytic lichens in the permafrost-affected region. - Forests, 15(11): 1962 [22 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15111962. Recent studies actively debate oxic methane (CH4) production processes in water and terrestrial ecosystems. This previously unknown source of CH4 on a regional and global scale has the potential to alter our understanding of climate-driving processes in vulnerable ecosystems, particularly high-latitude ecosystems. Thus, the main objective of this study is to use the incubation approach to explore possible greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes by the most widely distributed species of epiphytic lichens (ELs; Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. and Bryoria simplicior (Vain.) Brodo et D. Hawksw.) in the permafrost zone of Central Siberia. We observed CH4 production by hydrated (50%–400% of thallus water content) ELs during 2 h incubation under illumination. Moreover, in agreement with other studies, we found evidence that oxic CH4 production by Els is linked to the CO2 photoassimilation process, and the EL thallus water content regulates that relationship. Although the GHG fluxes presented here were obtained under a controlled environment and are probably not representative of actual emissions in the field, more research is needed to fully comprehend ELs’ function in the C cycle. This particular research provides a solid foundation for future studies into the role of ELs in the C cycle of permafrost forest ecosystems under ongoing climate change (as non-methanogenesis processes in oxic environments). Keywords: Bryoria simplicior; carbon dioxide; cryptogamic cover; epiphytic lichens; Evernia mesomorpha; methane; oxic methanogenesis processes; permafrost; thalli; thallus water content. | |||||
| 37022 | Vicente R., Westberg M., Isaksson R., Anderberg R., Frisch A., Hammarström O., Hansson J., Jonsson F. & Svensson M. (2024): Additions to the flora of lichenicolous fungi of Sweden II. - Graphis Scripta, 36(7): 123–147. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/36_7/GS_36_123.pdf. We report 24 lichenicolous fungi as new to Sweden, of which 12 are also new to Fennoscandia and two are new to Europe. The newly reported species are Abrothallus bryoriarum, A. usneae, Arthrorhaphis arctoparmeliae, Burgoa angulosa, Buelliella ohmurae, Calycina alstrupii, Catillaria lobariicola, Cercidospora ochrolechiae, Chalara lobariae, Katherinomyces cetrariae, Llimoniella vinosa, Merismatium lobariae, Muellerella atricola, Neobuelliella poetschii, Opegrapha anomea, Refractohilum intermedium, R. pluriseptatum, Sclerococcum zhurbenkoi, Skyttea nitschkei, Stigmidium cladoniicola, S. mitchellii, Sphaerellothecium thamnoliae, Taeniolella chrysothricis and Tremella tubulosae. Arthtrorhaphis arctoparmeliae is also reported as new to Norway. The reports of Buelliella ohmurae and Merismatium lobariae represent the first findings of these species in Europe. We suggest that Chalara lobariae is the anamorph of Calycina alstrupii. | |||||
| 37021 | Raynor S.J., Watts J.L. & Manzitto-Tripp E.A. (2024): Sarea cirrhendocarpa, a fungus species new to science from the southern Rocky Mountains. - Phytotaxa, 671(1): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.1.5. Sarea cirrhendocarpa, a resinicolous fungus, is here described as new to science from two specimens collected in the Indian Peaks Wilderness (Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest, Colorado, USA) during the summer of 2023, a third specimen from Holy Cross Wilderness (White River National Forest, Colorado, USA) during the summer of 2024, and a fourth specimen from the Kachina Peaks Wilderness (Coconino National Forest, Arizona, USA) that was collected in 1998. The new species is readily distinguished from its closest relative, Sarea resinae, by its larger apothecia, smaller asci, smaller ascospores, and burnt orange hymenium (bicolored towards uppermost portions) among other traits. A phylogeny derived from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region suggests that S. cirrhendocarpa is sister to and genetically distinct specimens of Sarea resinae sampled from around the world including North America. These molecular results in combination with the clear morphological differences lead us to propose this as a new species so far only known from the southern Rocky Mountains of North America. This new taxon is placed for the time being within the genus Sarea owing to inconclusive phylogenetic and morphological evidence that would support generic separation within the Sareomycetes. The name Sarea resinae is retained and new combinations for S. klamathica and S. lignicola are provided. Key Words: Ascomycota, endemic, new taxon, phylogeny, resinicolous, southwestern North America, species description. | |||||
| 37020 | Yakovchenko L.S. (2024): The second record of the rare freshwater lichen, Anisomeridium carinthiacum, to Russia from the south of Far East. - Turczaninowia, 27(2): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.27.2.14. During the study of the lichen biota of Crylion Cape (Sakhalin Is.), the rare amphibious freshwater lichen growing on siliceous rocks, Anisomeridium carinthiacum,was identified on the basis of morphological and anatomical data. This is the second record to Russia after the Caucasus Mts. and the first record for the Russian Far East and Sakhalin Is. The ecology, distribution and differences from the morphologically similar pyrenocarpous freshwater lichen species from East Asia are discussed. The arguments for the conversion of Anisomeridium japonicum described from Japan into synonyms of Anisomeridium carinthiacum are given. Keywords: amphibious species, distribution, new record, pyrenocarpous lichens, Sakhalin Is. | |||||
| 37019 | Урбанавичюс Г.П. & Урбанавичене И.Н. [Urbanavichus G.P. & Urbanavichene I.N.] (2024): Diromma dirinellum и Ocellomma picconianum (Roccellaceae, Ascomycota) в лихенофлоре России [Diromma dirinellum and Ocellomma picconianum (Roccellaceae, Ascomycota) in the lichen flora of Russia]. - Turczaninowia, 27(2): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.27.2.7. [in Russian with English summary: ] The genus Diromma, represented by the Mediterranean species D. dirinellum is reported for the first time from Russia, based on the materials collected in the North-Western Caucasus in the Utrish Reserve on the Abrau Peninsula (Krasnodar Territory). Additionally, a second Mediterranean species, Ocellomma picconianum, was recorded for the first time in the Caucasus. Both species have a distribution that is primarily restricted to the Mediterranean basin. As in the Mediterranean region, in the Abrau Peninsula, these species are confined to warm habitats on the Black Sea coast, where they grow in sub-Mediterranean communities, in juniper forests, on the trunks of Juniperus excelsa. Descriptions and photos of species are provided, accompanied by a discussion on their taxonomy, distribution and ecology. Keywords: biogeography, Caucasus, distribution, ecology, new record, Utrish Reserve. | |||||
| 37018 | Макрый Т.В. [Makryi T.V.] (2024): Enchylium substellatum – новый для России вид лишайника [Enchylium substellatum, a new lichen species for Russia]. - Turczaninowia, 27(2): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.27.2.6. [in Russian with English summary: ] A description and location of a new lichen species for Russia, Enchylium substellatum, are given. The lichen was collected on fine earth at outcrops of crystalline limestone in the stony steppe on the Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, west coast), in an area characterized by a wide distribution of island intrazonal mountain steppes. The issues of ecology and distribution of this rare lichen are discussed. It was discovered in the same ecotope with other calciphilous lichens (Heppia solorinoides, Gyalidea asteriscus, Toninia tristis, T. diffracta, Gyalolechia fulgens, Buellia elegans, Phaeorrhiza sareptana var. sphaerocarpa, Bilimbia lobulata, Physconia jacutica, Peltigera rufescens, Mycobilimbia obscurata, Lecanora epibryon, Rinodina roscida), some of which belong to the arctic-alpine element of the flora, some to the desert-steppe element, and most species are mountain xerophytes. Based on an analysis of the World distribution and habitats, it was concluded that Enchylium substellatum is an arctic-high-mountain calciphilous terricolous lichen associated with dry habitats. The distribution of the species is limited to the Holarctic, the range is extremely disjunctive. The species is found in cold mountain steppes, cold mountain deserts and dry arctic deserts. Keywords: collemiform lichens, distribution, ecology, Irkutsk Region, Lake Baikal, Olkhon Island, new record, rare species. | |||||
| 37017 | Konoreva L.A., Chesnokov S.V. & Zheludeva E.V. (2024): The genus Involucropyrenium (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Russia. - Turczaninowia, 27(2): 39–45. DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.27.2.5. A review of the lichen genus Involucropyrenium in Russia is presented. During the study of the lichen biota of the Magadan Region, Involucropyrenium waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss (Verrucariaceae) was identified on the basis of morphological and anatomical data. It is the first record to Russia both as a species and at genus level. A detailed description of the morphology and anatomy of the studied specimens is given. The arctic-alpine distribution of the species has been noted; it is rare in the world, mainly in northern and central Europe, and is rarely mentioned in Asia and North America. Keywords: distribution, Magadan Region, pyrenocarpous lichen, Russian Far East. | |||||
| 37016 | Ismailov A.B. & Urbanavichus G.P. (2024): Micarea doliiformis (Pilocarpaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) – a first record for Russia and Asia from Dagestan (East Caucasus). - Turczaninowia, 27(3): 90–96. DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.27.3.9. Micarea doliiformis is reported as new to Russia and Asia from the broad-leaved floodplain forest of the Samur River delta. Our record considerably extends the eastern range of the species from its previously known Western European-Atlantic distribution. A detailed description of the specimen with ecological preferences is given. The main difference from similar species with white-tomentose pycnidia (Micarea hedlundii and M. tomentosa) is larger, non-micareoid photobiont and the mostly biguttulate conidia which are wider at one end. Other morphological, anatomical, chemical and ecological differences between similar species are discussed. Keywords: biogeography, broad-leaved forest, new records, lichens, Samursky National Park. | |||||
| 37015 | Bolkan V.Y., Solhaug K.A. & Gauslaa Y. (2024): Growth and acclimation dynamics in reintroduced Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M.Jørg., a critically endangered cyanolichen in boreal rainforest
. - Flora, 320: 152624 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2024.152624. This study focuses on the critically endangered Erioderma pedicellatum, a sexually reproducing cyanolichen. The species’ decline is primarily attributed to habitat loss and extinction debts. The aim is to understand the possibilities of reintroduction via transplantation on Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. and gain insights into the species' growth response to environmental gradients in its boreal rainforest habitat. The source population of E. pedicellatum found on open, sun-exposed spruce branches within a waterfall spray zone, underwent a significant environmental shift when transplanted to the rainforest. The shift induced shade acclimation, which was marked by an increased maximal photosystem II efficiency (FV/FM), reduced thallus thickness and reduced apparent electron transport rate (ETRapp). However, stochastic fragmentation impacted 57 % of thalli, causing significant losses, particularly in sections with numerous apothecia, suggesting a trade-off between growth and reproduction. Unfragmented thalli with positive relative growth rate (RGR) exhibited increased growth correlated with base cation availability (high soil and bark pH) and light availability. Thalli that were already shade-adapted at the start (low ETRapp at high light) displayed the fastest growth in the rainforest. The best subset regression model of unfragmented thalli accounted for 72.8 % of the variation in RGR. The reintroduction of E. pedicellatum into the boreal rainforest is possible, but challenging, given that well-lit spruce branches with high base cation availability in humid canopy layers are rare. Keywords: Acclimation; Boreal rainforest; Epiphytic lichens; Reintroduction; Relative growth rate; Reproductive efforts; Specific thallus mass. | |||||
| 37014 | Gregoris K. & Pope W.H. (2024): Extraction of high-quality metagenomic DNA from the lichens Flavoparmelia caperata and Peltigera membranacea. - Journal of Microbiological Methods, 227: 107065 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107065. Lichens are composite organisms found throughout temperate terrestrial forests, with species-specific associations with industrial air pollution. Metagenomic analysis of lichen samples requires robust nucleic acid extraction methodology, a process that is challenging due to the protective cortex layers, high polysaccharide content, and the vast diversity of the internal microbiome. Our method includes physical lysis through garnet bead beating, chemical lysis using a sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer, phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol extraction, and ethanol precipitation. The method was tested on three different lichen samples from two distinct species and yielded metagenomic DNA suitable for sequencing and PCR amplification. This procedure addresses the issues associated with DNA extraction from lichen using common laboratory equipment and reagents without the utilization of liquid nitrogen. This paper presents a cost-effective and accessible DNA extraction method for obtaining high-quality genetic material from dried and preserved lichen specimens. Keywords: Lichen; DNA extraction; Metagenomic sequencing. | |||||
| 37013 | Zenouzi L.K., Kaboli S.H., Rossi F., Sohrabi M. & Khosroshahi M. (2024): The role of organic materials and calcium carbonates mediated by biocrusts in altering soil aggregate size fractions in drylands
. - CATENA, 247: 108482 [14 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108482. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) play a critical role in influencing soil biogeochemical properties and soil aggregate formation. While the effect of biocrusts on soil aggregate formation is well-established, the precise impact of biocrusts on specific aggregate size distribution (ASD) fractions, particularly in drylands, still requires conclusive determination. This study focused on the impact of biocrusts on organic material (OM) and calcium carbonate (CC) content in topsoil aggregates within the Sejzi Plain, Iran. Samples were collected from areas with and without biocrust coverage using a stratified random sampling method, and various soil properties were analyzed and compared. The study quantified OM and CC levels, assessed particle size distribution (PSD) through laser diffraction analysis, and compared aggregate size distribution (ASD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed the presence of extracellular polymer substances (EPSs) in soils covered by biocrusts. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified monosaccharides like glucose, arabinose, mannose, and xylose as components of the EPS polysaccharidic fraction. The ratio of hexose to pentose, calculated to be 2.41 in biocrust-covered soils, suggested the role of biocrusts in secreting EPSs into the soil. The results showed that the removal of CC and OM led to an increase in particle size in very fine sands, fine silts, and very fine silts, while aggregate size decreased in coarse sands in biocrust-covered soils. Soils lacking biocrusts exhibited minimal changes except in very coarse sands. In summary, the CC and OM produced by biocrusts enhance soil particle adhesion in fine silt and very fine sand fractions, contributing to the formation of coarse sand and very coarse sand aggregates. Keywords: Biocrust; Calcium carbonate; Organic carbon; Particle size distribution; Sejzi Plain. | |||||
| 37012 | Bingul E., Bulut S., Mammadov R., Cicek B., Dogru T.E., Suleyman H. & Mendil A.S. (2024): Effect of ethyl acetate extract from Usnea longissima on chemotherapy-associated multiple organ dysfunction in rats. - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 181: 117636 [12 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117636. Background: The toxic effects of doxorubicin and cisplatin in various organs have been associated with oxidative stress. Studies have shown that Usnea longissima has strong antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethyl acetate extract from Usnea longissima (ULE), which is known to have strong antioxidant effects, on chemotherapeutic-induced heart, kidney, liver, and ovarian toxicity. Methods: Albino Wistar female rats were divided into five groups (12 rats per group): healthy (HG), doxorubicin (DOX), Cisplatin (CIS), Doxorubicin+ ULE (DULE), Cisplatin+ ULE (CULE). In this experiment, ULE was given 100 mg/kg orally. After 1 hour, 2.5 mg/kg doxorubicin and 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin were administered intraperitoneally. Drug treatments continued once a day for seven days. At the end of seven days, six rats from each group were euthanized and heart, kidney, liver, and ovary tissues were analyzed biochemically. The remaining rats were left in the laboratory with male rats for 45 days for reproduction. Results: ULE inhibited chemotherapeutic-induced increase in malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 and a decrease in total glutathione in liver, kidney, and ovarian tissues. ULE also inhibited the increase of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in serum. ULE treatment had no protective effect against doxorubicin and cisplatin cardiac toxicity. On the other hand, ULE also decreased the delay in pregnancy induced by chemotherapy. Conclusion: ULE may be considered an adjuvant therapy in patients receiving chemotherapy to reduce liver, kidney, and ovarian toxicity. Keywords: Usnea longissima extract; Doxorubicin; Cisplatin; Toxicity. | |||||
| 37011 | Durand A., Dron J., Prudent P., Wortham H., Dalquier C., Reuillard M. & Austruy A. (2024): Evaluation of the atmospheric pollution by pesticides using lichens as biomonitors
. - Science of The Total Environment, 955: 177286 [10 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177286. The extensive use of pesticides combined with their persistence in the environment requires new methodologies to assess more effectively the population exposure to pesticides via air pollution. Biomonitoring pesticides with lichens has been poorly documented, although it represents a complementary approach to the usual active samplings, with an exposure to pesticides accumulated and integrated over several months. An optimized extraction procedure from the lichen Xanthoria parietina followed by a gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis is proposed here to quantify simultaneously 48 pesticides considered in France as priority active substances to monitor in the air. This method has been applied to lichen samples collected in 24 sites in southern France covering urban, industrial, and agricultural areas in order to identify potential contrasts related to anthropogenic activities. Fifteen pesticides (six fungicides, five insecticides, and four herbicides), including four active compounds currently banned by EU legislation, were detected in at least one site. Lindane, diflufenican, difenoconazole, and boscalid were the most common pesticides found in all sites. Urban sites appeared generally less contaminated compared to industrial and rural ones, but a strong heterogeneity was noticed between locations. The biomonitoring with lichens revealed unexpected contaminated areas, partly due to the use of herbicides for vegetation control in industrial and railway installations. The spatial distribution also suggests an input of pesticides by atmospheric transport at the local and regional scales. Keywords: Biomonitoring; Air pollution; Xanthoria parietina; Bioaccumulation; Herbicides; Analytical development. | |||||
| 37010 | Cruickshanks K., Haughian S.R., Clayden S.R., Frison M., Anderson F. & McMullin R.T. (2024): Vertical differentiation of epiphyte communities in old growth hemlock forests in Nova Scotia, Canada. - Bryologist, 127(4): 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-127.4.413. Lichen and bryophyte diversity is often exceptional in old rainforests of the temperate zone, but these forests occupy only a very small fraction of their former extent. Epiphyte diversity changes along the vertical gradient of a tree, but in Nova Scotia, Canada, no studies have investigated higher canopy strata, leaving the composition of epiphytes in these habitats uncharacterized. In this study, we explore arboreal lichen and bryophyte communities in the lower crown and lower bole of old eastern hemlock trees. We examined 27 trees at 9 sites across Nova Scotia, Canada. Each tree was surveyed using visual percent-cover estimates at the lower bole and in the lower crown. Single rope ascension was used to access the lower crown with minimal impact on epiphyte communities or tree cambium health. Habitat properties were also recorded, including bark pH, tree girth and height, and canopy cover. Results showed higher pH, and greater richness and cover of macrolichens in the lower crown compared to the lower bole, whereas bryophyte species richness and microlichen cover were both greater on the lower bole of host trees compared to the lower crown. Macrolichen diversity, as represented by Shannon’s index (H’), did not differ in relation to habitat, but it increased from the northeast to the southwest of the province. Our results provide a baseline for lichen and bryophyte diversity on old eastern hemlock. Keywords: Bryophyte, eastern North America, lichen, Tsuga canadensis, tree canopy. | |||||
| 37009 | Jiang S.-M., Hao C.-Y., Zhao X. & Jia Z.-F. (2024): New species and record in the genus Carbacanthographis (lichenized Ascomycota, Graphidaceae) from China. - Phytotaxa, 670(4): 285–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.6. During our research on the lichen genus Carbacanthographis from China, two species new to science were discovered in materials from Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, i.e. Carbacanthographis crassibasalia sp. nov. with a corticate thallus, a completely carbonized excipulum, warty periphysoid tips, hyaline, muriform, 6–18 × 3–4-septate ascospores, and protocetraric acid and C. yunnanensis sp. nov. with an ecorticate thallus, a completely carbonized excipulum, warty periphysoid tips, hyaline, small, submuriform 4–6 × 0–1-septate ascospores and the presence of protocetraric acid. A new record for China, C. iriomotensis, collected in Hainan Province is also reported. Detailed morphological descriptions as well as high-resolution photographs of the morphology and anatomy of the three species are provided. A working key to all the known Carbacanthographis species from China is also provided. | |||||
| 37008 | Kim T.K., Hong J.-M., Kim J., Kim K.H., Han S.J., Kim I.-C., Oh H., Jo D.-G. & Yim J.H. (2024): Therapeutic potential of ramalin derivatives with enhanced stability in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. . - Molecules, 29(22): 5223 [18 p.] . https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225223. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant public health challenge with limited effective treatment options. Ramalin, a compound derived from Antarctic lichens, has shown potential in the treatment of AD because of its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its instability and toxicity have hindered the development of Ramalin as a viable therapeutic agent. The primary objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate novel Ramalin derivatives with enhanced stabilities and reduced toxic profiles, with the aim of retaining or improving their therapeutic potential against AD. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-BACE-1, and anti-tau activities of four synthesized Ramalin derivatives (i.e., RA-Hyd-Me, RA-Hyd-Me-Tol, RA-Sali, and RA-Benzo) were evaluated. These derivatives demonstrated significantly improved stabilities compared to the parent compound, with RA-Sali giving the most promising results. More specifically, RA-Sali exhibited a potent BACE-1 inhibitory activity and effectively reduced tau phosphorylation, a critical factor in AD pathology. Despite exhibiting reduced antioxidant activities compared to the parent compound, these derivatives represent a potential multi-targeted approach for AD treatment, marking a significant step forward in the development of stable and effective AD therapeutics. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Ramalin; derivatives; therapeutic potential; antioxidant; tau protein; β-secretase; anti-inflammatory; Ames. | |||||
| 37007 | Christensen S.N. (2023): Scytinium imbricatum (P. M. Jørg.) Otálora, P. M. Jørg. & Wedin new to Greece and other new and rarely reported cyanophilic lichens from Kriti. - Parnassiana Archives, 11: 65–71. . Eighteen cyanophilic taxa are reported from 16 localities in the western half of Kriti. Scytinium imbricatum is new to Greece. Enchylium confertum, E. limosum and E. polycarpon subsp. corcyrense are new to Kriti. | |||||
| 37006 | Christensen S.N. (2024): Notes on the distribution of some lichens from Greece. - Parnassiana Archives, 12: 25–32. . Caloplaca asserigena (J. Lahm) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. and Ramalina europaea Gasparyan, Sipman & Lücking are reported new to Greece. Further twenty-five, mainly cyanophilic, taxa are reported new to parts of Greece or are rarely recorded. Ramalina europaea and Lathagrium latzelii (Zahlbr.) Otálora et al. are illustrated and the morphology of the latter is compared to similar species. | |||||
| 37005 | Miyazawa K. & Ohmura Y. (2024): Clypeoria, a new genus, with clypeate hyphophores separated from Gyalideopsis s. lat. (Gomphillaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). - Opuscula Philolichenum, 23: 20–32. . A new genus Clypeoria, including two newly combined species (C. japonica and C. lambinonii), is proposed, that is segregated from Gyalideopsis s. lat. This genus is characterized by the presence of clypeate hyphophores with a central reduced stipe on the underside, moniliform diahyphae with droplet-shaped cells at the terminal segments, and adnate ascomata. Among the polyphyletic assemblage corresponding to Gyalideopsis s. lat., Clypeoria is distinguished from G. peruviana, the type species of the genus, which is characterized by sessile apothecia with a well-developed exciple and the absence of hyphophores. Gyalideopsis peruviana is presently included in the G. africana group, the other members of which differ from Clypeoria by the production of setiform-capitate hyphophores and musicolous habit. Both C. japonica and C. lambinonii were previously treated in the G. palmata group, due to the presence of flabelliform and corticolous habit. However, in analysis of mtSSU and nuLSU sequence data, C. japonica was recovered in a large clade including the ecologically distinct foliicolous genera Arthotheliopsis, Psathyromyces, Sipmanidea, and Verruciplaca, which also produce adnate and spot-like apothecia but differ in producing yellow-orange apothecia and/or different hyphophore types. For its part, the G. palmata group appears to be heterogeneous, including various types of apothecia and hyphophores. The remaining species in the G. palmata group should be revised through future taxonomic research. Keywords: Ascomata, conidiomata, corticolous, Japan, nuITS, nuLSU, mtSSU, phylogeny, RPB2. | |||||
| 37004 | Urbanska N., Karasova M., Jendzelovska Z., Majerník M., Kolesarova M., Kecsey D., Jendzelovsky R., Bohus P. & Kiskova T. (2024): Gyrophoric acid, a secondary metabolite ofl lichens, exhibits antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in vivo in Wistar rats. - International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(21): 11840 [15 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111840. Gyrophoric acid (GA) is a secondary metabolite of various lichens. It exhibits various biological activities in vitro, but only one study has been carried out in vivo. Because our previous study showed that GA stimulates neurogenesis in healthy rats, the current study aimed to explore the potential of GA during stress-induced depressive-like states in male Wistar rats. In the experiment, pregnant females were used. In the last week of pregnancy, females were subjected to restraint stress. After birth, progeny aged 60 days were stressed repeatedly. The males were divided into three groups: control animals (CTR; n = 10), males with a depression-like state (DEP; n = 10), and GA-treated animals (GA; n = 10). GA males were treated with GA (per os 10 mg/kg) daily for one month, starting from the 60th postnatal day. Our results indicate that GA acts as an antioxidant, as shown by a lowered ROS level in leukocytes (p | |||||
| 37003 | Demidova A.N. (2024): To the portrait of Teuvo Ahti. Impressions of the meeting in September 2016. - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): D15–D19. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.D15. The paper is dedicated to the jubilee of worldwide famous Finnish lichenologist, Professor Teuvo Ahti. Impressions of the meeting in September 2016 are described. Keywords: Teuvo Ahti, jubilee, Botanical Museum of the University of Helsinki, lichenology. | |||||
| 37002 | Andreev M.P., Kuznetsova E.S., Stepanchikova I.S. & Himelbrant D.E. (2024): Teuvo Ahti — “the uncle of the Russian lichenology” — celebrated his 90th birthday. - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): D3–D13. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.D3. The paper is dedicated to 90th birthday of Teuvo Tapio Ahti — worldwide famous Finn- ish scientist whose impact to Russian lichenology is hard to overestimate. Special attention is paid to personal impressions of the authors from the communication with outstanding colleague in course of joint studies of the lichen biota of North-West Russia. Keywords: Teuvo Ahti, jubilee, scientific school, international cooperation, lichenology. | |||||
| 37001 | Zhang C., Cai Y., Zhou S. & Zhang L. (2024): Three new records of lichens in China. - Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 44(6): 0995-1002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.20230634. The purpose of this research is to investigate the species diversity of Kunyu Mountain in Shandong Province and further identify its species composition and distribution. [Methods] Morphological, anatomical, chemical characters, and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences were used in this research. [Results] Three lichens species new to China, Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer, Leprocaulon nicholsiae Lendemer & E. Tripp, and Brownliella kobeana (Nyl.) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, A. Thell, Elix, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, were discovered during a taxonomical study of lichens from Mount Kunyu in Shandong Province. Descriptions and morphological photographs of these three species were provided. Specimens were deposited in lichen section of botanical herbarium at Shandong Normal University. [Conclusion] This research shows high species diversity of lichens in Kunyu Mountain in Shandong Province. | |||||
| 37000 | Xu Y., Zhao C., Wu Y., Chen L., Liu L. & Zhang L. (2024): Three new records of the lichen genus Herpothallon from China. - Plant Science Journal, 42(4): 437-443. https://doi.org/10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23288. The genusHerpothallonis distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, primarily inhabiting moist, shaded areas. Through field surveys and collection of lichen samples, a taxonomic study was conducted based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical analyses. Notably, three new records for China were discovered, includingH. cinereum,H. japonicum, andH. queenslandicum. Their taxonomic characteristics are described, accompanied by photographs, and a comprehensive key for all knownHerpothallonspecies in China is provided. Arthoniaceae, Lichenized fungi, Diversity | |||||
| 36999 | White K.H., Keepers K., Kane N. & Lendemer J.C. (2024): Discovery of New Genomic Configuration of Mating-Type Loci in the Largest Lineage of Lichen-Forming Fungi. - Genome Biol Evol, 16(5): 1-8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae094. The genetic architecture of mating-type loci in lichen-forming fungi has been characterized in very few taxa. Despite the limited data, and in contrast to all other major fungal lineages, arrangements that have both mating-type alleles in a single haploid genome have been hypothesized to be absent from the largest lineage of lichen-forming fungi, the Lecanoromycetes. We report the discovery of both mating-type alleles from the haploid genomes of three species within this group. Our results demonstrate that Lecanoromycetes are not an outlier among Ascomycetes. *Genes, Mating Type, Fungal, *Ascomycota/genetics/classification, *Genome, Fungal, *Lichens/genetics/microbiology, Phylogeny, Haploidy, Alleles, breeding system, genomics, metagenomics, reproduction, sex determination | |||||
| 36998 | Sinichkin E. (2022): Rare lichen species of the Chuvash Republic that need constant monitoring in the natural environment. - Samara Journal of Science, 11: 119-125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2022113114. The paper provides information about 13 rare lichen species of the Chuvash Republic that need constant monitoring in the natural environment ( Agonimia allobata , Agonimia flabelliformis , Bryoria simplicior , Bryoria trichodes , Cetraria islandica , Cladonia stellaris , Flavoparmelia soredians , Heteredermia japonica , Inoderma byssaceum , Phaeographis dendritica , Platismatia glauca , Scytinium tenuissimum , Usnea diplotypus ). A brief ecological and biological characteristic, occurrence in neighboring regions, limiting factors and measures of protection of these species are indicated for each species. 7 species of lichens are located on the border of the range or beyond ( Bryoria simplicior , Bryoria trichodes , Cetraria islandica , Cladonia stellaris , Flavoparmelia soredians , Phaeographis dendritica , Platismacia glauca ), 10 species are strictly confined to a certain type of habitat and substrate ( Agonimia allobata , Agonimia flabelliformis , Bryoria trichodes , Bryoria simplicior , Flavoparmelia soredians , Heteredermia japonica , Inoderma byssaceum , Phaeographis dendritica , Scytinium tenuissimum , Usnea diplotypus ), 7 species are decreasing in number due to a decrease in the area of old-growth forests as a result of logging, trampling and fires ( Agonimia allobata , Cetraria islandica , Cladonia stellaris , Heteredermia japonica , Inoderma byssaceum , Platismatia glauca , Usnea diplotypus ). Cetraria islandica disappears when the soil cover is disturbed, when collected by the population for medicinal purposes. | |||||
| 36997 | Hou X., Li S. & Ren Q. (2014): Three new records of aspicilioid lichens to China. - Telopea, 16: 159-163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea20147957. As a result of our studies on the lichen family Megasporaceae, three species new to China, Aspicilia cupulifera (H.Magn.) Oxner, A. narssaquensis (Lynge) J.W.Thomson and Circinaria arida Owe-Larss., A.Nordin & Tibell are described and illustrated. | |||||
| 36996 | Senko D., Svitok M., Slovák M., Fačkovcová Z., Paoli L., Kučera J., Munzi S., Breidy J., Dokmak H. & Guttová A. (2024): Organisms with high dispersal ability as a proxy for biogeographical characterisation of the Mediterranean biome. - Global Ecology and Conservation, 56: e03268 [15 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03268. The Mediterranean biome offers a diverse range of habitats, particularly rocky environments, known for their long-term stability and persistence. Adapted to these rocky surfaces, chasmophytes thrive in this region, benefiting from reduced competition and human interference. The distribution of stress-tolerant cryptogams with generally broad niches represents a significant gap in the biogeography of the region. This study investigates whether complex symbiotic organisms with a potential for long-distance dispersal could serve as biogeographic indicators for delimitation of the Mediterranean biome's boundaries. Through comprehensive chorology data research, saxicolous lichen congeners of the genus Solenopsora were mapped across the Mediterranean Basin as a model area. Environmental predictors (climate and geology) were employed to predict suitable habitats, shedding light on the lichens' ecological niches. Habitat suitability models consistently aligned with the Mediterranean's geographical area, indicating a tight link between lichen distribution and Mediterranean climate classification. While climate change may pose vulnerabilities, no significant range shifts beyond the latitudinal limit of the Mediterranean were predicted. Despite overlapping climatic niches, differences in microhabitat preferences in terms of insolation were observed among studied taxa. Vulnerable regions with potential habitat decreases were identified under future scenarios, emphasizing the importance of environmental heterogeneity in securing local species persistence. This study supports the hypothesis that these lichen symbiotic systems are restricted to the Mediterranean Basin, highlighting their potential to reflect Mediterranean climate, environmental stability, and indicate the boundaries of the Mediterranean biome. Our investigation demonstrates that collection-based research can yield significant contributions to current biogeography. Keywords: Climatic Stability; Lichens; Modelling; Mediterranean Basin; Symbioses. | |||||
| 36995 | Arup U., Søchting U. & Lorentzon J. (2024): Caloplaca ruderum new to Sweden and new combinations in Flavoplaca (Ascomycota, Teloschistales). - Graphis Scripta, 36(6): 113–122. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/36_6/GS_36_113.pdf. Caloplaca ruderum is reported as new to Sweden from three localities. Based on a phylogenetic analysis it is transferred to the genus Flavoplaca, where the closest relatives are F. communis, F. maritima and F. havaasii. In addition, Caloplaca sol and C. itiana are transferred to Flavoplaca. The identities of C. itiana, C. calcitrapa, and C. dalmatica in the sense of British treatments are discussed. | |||||
| 36994 | Søchting U., Lisby J.H. & Ahti T. (2024): Primary thallus of Cladonia portentosa illustrated. - Graphis Scripta, 36(6): 109–112. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/36_6/GS_36_109.pdf. The crustose primary thallus of Cladonia portentosa is illustrated based on material recently collected in Denmark. The unity of the primary thallus and podetia is demonstrated chemically with HPLC. Previous studies of crustose primary thalli in Cladonia spp. are briefly discussed. | |||||
| 36993 | Wainio E.A. [Vainio E.A.] (1915): Additamenta ad Lichenographiam Antillarum illustrandam. - Annales Academiae Scientarum Fenniae, ser. A, 6/7: 1–226. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/RLL/PDF/M30477.pdf. | |||||
| 36992 | Filimonov A., Diveikina A., Gatilov Y., Luzina O. & Salakhutdinov N. (2024): Synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles based on diffractaic acid. - Molbank, 2024(4): M1912 [5 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/M1912. Diffractaic acid 1 is a secondary metabolite of depside lichens with antibacterial and insecticidal properties, and anticancer, hepatoprotective and antiviral activities. Novel diffractaic acid derivatives containing a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring with an aryl substituent have been synthesized by the reaction of diffractaic acid with amidoximes. Keywords: diffractaic acid; depside; lichen metabolite; 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. | |||||
| 36991 | Zueva A.S., Glazkova E.A., Aristarkhova E.A., Chesnokov S.V. & Konoreva L.A. (2024): To the study of the lichen biota of Broutona Island (Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Region, Russian Far East). - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): L91–L102. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.L91. The paper contains the first data on the lichen biota of Broutona Island, one of the most inaccessible small islands of the Kuril Ridge. Information on the findings of 31 species of lichens first discovered on the island is presented. Among them, Peltigera venosa is a new species for the Sakhalin Region, Stereocaulon alpinum is new for the Kuril Islands, and Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum is listed in the Red Data Book of Russia and the Red Data Book of the Sakhalin Region. Information on the habitats of these species on Broutona Island, as well as their distribution in the Kurils and neighboring regions, is provided. Keywords: lichens, new finds, distribution, ecology, Red Data Book of the Russian Federation | |||||
| 36990 | Фролов И.В. & Прокопьев И.А. [Frolov I.V. & Prokopiev I.A.] (2024): Ключ для определения накипных лишайников семейства Teloschistaceae в напочвенных сообществах на территории России [A key for the identification of crustose Teloschistaceae in soil communities in Russia]. - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): L37–L47. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.L37. [in Russian with English abstract: ] Here we provide a key for the identification of 39 crustose Teloschistaceae species in soil communities in Russia growing on soil, bryophytes, plant debris, twigs of small shrubs, and on thalli of other lichens. Keywords: Caloplaca s. l., Fulgensia. | |||||
| 36989 | Chesnokov S.V., Konoreva L.A. & Kholod S.S. (2024): New records of lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Kolguev Island (Russian Arctic). - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): L23–L36. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.L23. Twenty-six species of lichenicolous fungi and fifteen lichen species are newly reported from Kolguev Island. These include Arthonia pannariae, A. peltigerea, Cercidospora punctillata, C. stenotropae, Didymocyrtis consimilis, Endococcus propinquus, Geltingia associata, Knufia peltigerae, Muellerella hospitans, M. lichenicola, Niesslia cladoniicola, Peltigera extenuata, Polyblastia gothica, Polycoccum peltigerae, and Stigmidium peltideae first reported for the Nenets Autonomous Area of Russia. A species of Sphaerellothecium growing on Psoroma hypnorum is briefly described, illustrated, and compared with Sphaerellothecium pannariacearum. The distribution of the taxa listed is discussed. A total of 95 lichen species and 27 species of lichenicolous fungi are known for Kolguev Island to date. Keywords: distribution, lichens, Arctic, European Russia, Nenets Autonomous Area. | |||||
| 36988 | Tarasova V.N., Sonina A.V. & Androsova V.I. (2024): New records of lichens for the Arkhangelsk Region from the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve, Northwest Russia. - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): L11–L22. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.L11. The study presents information about 28 new findings of lichen species from the territory of the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve. Arthopyrenia cerasi, Verrucaria elaeomelaena, and V. murina are new for Northwest Russia, other 14 species are new for the Arkhangelsk Region, 11 — new for its mainland part. The findings were confirmed by specimens stored in the herbaria of Petrozavodsk State University (PZV) and the University of Helsinki (H). Keywords: European Russia, Arthopyrenia cerasi, Verrucaria elaeomelaena, Verrucaria murina. | |||||
| 36987 | Frolov I.V., Prokopiev I.A. & Tumanina P.D. (2024): The first record of the lichen genus Tayloriellina (Teloschistoideae) and the North American species T. microphyllina in Eurasia (Russian Far East). - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): L1–L10. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.L1. The subfamily Teloschistoideae (Teloschistaceae) is mainly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. Just a few its species were recorded in eastern Asia, and only Teloschistes flavicans has been known in the Russian Far East. Here, we report the discovery of Tayloriellina microphyllina in the Primorye Territory on the eastern shore of Lake Khanka where it is abundant in xerothermic conditions of Quercus mongolica–Pinus × funebris forest. This corticolous Teloschistoideae species has been previously known in the temperate regions from the southern Canada to central Mexico in North America. Our finding is confirmed by molecular data (nrITS). Morphology and chemistry as well as long distance dispersal vs. relict origin of the Far Eastern population of T. microphyllina are shortly discussed. Keywords: Caloplaca s. l., Teloschistaceae, ITS, new record, Primorye, Russia. | |||||
| 36986 | Kotkova V.M., Afonina O.M., Berezina M.O., Boychuk M.A., Chesnokov S.V., Churakova E.Yu., Czernyadjeva I.V., Davydov E.A., Doroshina G.Ya., Efremov A.N., Fedosov V.E., Galanina I.A., Ginzburg E.G., Goskova S.M., Himelbrant D.E., Iliushin V.A., Kipriyanova L.M., Kirtsideli I.Yu., Konoreva L.A., Korchikov E.S., Kutenkov S.A., Kuzmina E.Yu., Makryi T.V., Melekhin A.V., Moseev D.S., Neshataeva V.Yu., Popova N.N., Potemkin A.D., Prelovskaya E.S., Pystina T.N., Rodionova A.A., Romanov R.E., Semenova N.A., Smirnova M.A., Storozhenko Yu.V., Tarasova V.N., Travkin V.P., Tsurykau A.G., Vilk E.F., Vilnet A.A., Vishnyakov V.S., Vlasenko A.V., Vlasenko V.A., Vlasov D.Yu., Yakovchenko L.S., Zhdanov I.S., Zhuikov K.A. & Zhurbenko M.P. (2024): New cryptogamic records. 14. - Новости систематики низших растений [Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii] / Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium, 58(2): R1–R39. https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2024.58.2.R1. The first records for Russia of one species of siphonous yellow-green algae, ascomycete, and lichenicolous fungus, and the first records for regions of Russia: nine species of siphonous yellow-green alga for the Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Moscow, Volgograd regions, two diatom species for the Tyumen Region, nine species of basidiomycetes for the Novgorod, Tomsk regions, and the Republic of Tuva, three species of lichenicolous fungi for the Orenburg Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory, 23 species of lichens for the Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk, Murmansk, Sakhalin regions, Altai, Buryatia and Komi republics, Altai and Khabarovsk territories, 15 species of mosses for the Arkhangelsk, Magadan, Orel, Voronezh regions, Kamchatka Territory, Republic of Tuva, and St. Petersburg, one species of liverwort for the Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria ALTB, AR, H, IBIW, IRK, KPABG, LE, MAG, NSK, PTZ, PZV, SMR, SYKO, VU, in the diatom collection of the Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, the Tobolsk complex scientific station RAS or Vaucheria collection of the Laboratory for Algology at the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS. Sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nrDNA regions of some specimens of fungi and ITS1-2 nrDNA and trnL-F cpDNA of one liverwort have been deposited in the GenBank. Keywords: Asterodon ferruginosus, Atrichum flavisetum, Atrichum undulatum, Bilimbia sabuletorum, Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens, Bryonora curvescens, Cadophora antarctica, Cladonia diversa, Cladonia libifera, Cliostomum griffithii, Collema curtisporum, Collema subflaccidum, Crustoderma corneum, Distichium hagenii, Encalypta spathulata, Epicladonia stenospora, Gyalecta foveolaris, Inocutis rheades, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Lecanora cavicola, Lecanora strobilina, Lepra corallina, Leptosporomyces galzinii, Leucocalocybe mongolica, Lophozia svalbardesis, Micarea byssacea, Micarea fennica, Naevia punctiformis, Neckera oligocarpa, Parmelina tiliacea, Pertusaria subobductans, Phaeocalicium populneum, Phlebia livida, Physcomitrella patens, Picipes ulleungensis, Placoneis amphiboliformis, Platydictya jungermannioides, Pohlia lescuriana, Pohlia tundrae, Polytrichum swartzii, Pronectria leptaleae, Protostropharia dorsipora, Rexlowea parasemen, Sagiolechia protuberans, Scoliciosporum sarothamni, Sphagnum mirum, Staurothele frustulenta, Stereocaulon groenlandicum, Streblotrichum convolutum, Talpapellis psorulae, Tortula cernua, Tortula mucronifolia, Tubulicrinis calothrix, Vaucheria bursata, Vaucheria dichotoma, Vaucheria frigida, Vaucheria hercyniana, Vaucheria intermedia, Vaucheria prolifera, Vaucheria prona, Vaucheria racemosa, Vaucheria subsimplex, Xanthocarpia crenulatella, Xanthophyceae, aphyllophoroid fungi, ascomycota, diatoms, lichenicolous fungi, lichens, liverworts, microfungi, mosses, mycobiota, siphonous yellow-green algae, Altai Territory, Arkhangelsk Region, Astrakhan Region, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Nature Reserve, Buzulukskij Bor, Central Siberian Biosphere Reserve, Chelyabinsk Region, European part of Russia, Irkutsk Region, Kamchatka Territory, Kara Sea, Khabarovsk Territory, Komi Republic, Koryak Area, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Magadan Region, Moscow Region, Murmansk Region, Northern Koryakia, Novgorod Region, Orel Region, Orenburg Region, Republic of Altai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tuva, Russia, Russian Far East, Salair National Park, Sakhalin Island, Sakhalin Region, Siberia, South Siberia, St. Petersburg, Sverdrup Island, Tannu-Ola, Tomsk Region, Tyumen Region, Urals, Volgograd Region, Voronezh Region, West Siberia, White Sea. | |||||
| 36985 | Oset M., Guzow-Krzemińska B., Flakus A., Rodriguez-Flakus P. & Kukwa M. (2024): New records of Cora species (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, lichenized Basidiomycota) from Bolivia confirmed by molecular data. - Phytotaxa, 670(2): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.2.1. The paper presents the first records of Cora dewisanti, C. elephas and C. hawksworthiana from Bolivia. The recognition of the three species was supported by molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region (nuITS rDNA) clustered the Bolivian collections with sequences from previous worldwide collections. Detailed descriptions of morphology, anatomy, habitat and general distribution are presented for each species. Key words: Basidiomycota, Cora, nuITS rDNA, Bolivia, Neotropics. | |||||
| 36984 | Carrasco F., Hernández W., Castro N., Guerrero M., Tamariz-Angeles C., Olivera-Gonzales P., Echevarría-Rodríguez D., Raposo C,, Silva L.A. & Rodilla J.M. (2024): Identification and determination of usnic acid and fatty acid from various lichen species in arequipa, Peru, as well as antibacterial and antioxidant capacity. - Heliyon, 10(21): e39703 [15 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39703. Seven species of lichens such us Umbilicaria aff. calvescens, Hypotrachyna enderythraea, Punctelia graminicola, Cladonia chlorophaea, Xanthoparmelia farinose, Psiloparmelia distincta (rock and tree substrates; rs and ts), and Usnea durietzii were collected from the province of Arequipa - Peru. Their usnic acid (UA) and fatty acid (FA) amounts in methanol-acetone were determined by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The antimicrobial activities of these extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC strains (43300, 29213, 25923 and 700699), Escherichia coli strains (O157:H7 and ATCC 10536), Salmonella enterica sv typhimurium ATCC 14028, Candida albicans ATCC 90028 and Candida. tropicalis ATCC 750T. In addition, antioxidant capacity was also studied by Total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) radical cation and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The UA contents in all the studied lichen species varied between 0.017 and 0.304 %. Among all the tested extracts, Usnea durietzii had the highest total FA concentration (5.81 mg/g). P. distincta (rs) was active against S. aureus strains (MIC = 0.02–0.2 mg/mL) as well as C. albicans (MIC = 4 mg/mL) and C. tropicalis (MIC = 3 mg/mL). P. distincta (ts) displayed moderate total phenol content (TPC = 29.1 ± 1.6 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity evidenced by scavenging DPPH (IC50 = 1.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and ABTS (18.2 ± 0.2 mg TE/g) radicals, but it showed high values of FRAP (1953 ± 87 μM Fe2+/g). Our findings indicate that P. distincta (rs) could be considered as a potential antimicrobial metabolites source whereas P. distincta (ts) and Puntelia graminicole for polyphenols with antioxidant compound. | |||||
| 36983 | Doellman M.M., Sun Y., Barcenas-Peña A., Lumbsch H.T. & Grewe F. (2024): Rethinking asexuality: the enigmatic case of functional sexual genes in Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae). - BMC Genomics, 25: 1003 [15 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-10898-8. Background The ubiquity of sex across eukaryotes, given its high costs, strongly suggests it is evolutionarily advantageous. Asexual lineages can avoid, for example, the risks and energetic costs of recombination, but suffer short-term reductions in adaptive potential and long-term damage to genome integrity. Despite these costs, lichenized fungi have frequently evolved asexual reproduction, likely because it allows the retention of symbiotic algae across generations. The lichenized fungal genus Lepraria is thought to be exclusively asexual, while its sister genus Stereocaulon completes a sexual reproductive cycle. A comparison of sister sexual and asexual clades should shed light on the evolution of asexuality in lichens in general, as well as the apparent long-term maintenance of asexuality in Lepraria, specifically. Results In this study, we assembled and annotated representative long-read genomes from the putatively asexual Lepraria genus and its sexual sister genus Stereocaulon, and added short-read assemblies from an additional 22 individuals across both genera. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that both genera were heterothallic, with intact mating-type loci of both idiomorphs present across each genus. Additionally, we identified and assessed 29 genes involved in meiosis and mitosis and 45 genes that contribute to formation of fungal sexual reproductive structures (ascomata). All genes were present and appeared functional in nearly all Lepraria, and we failed to identify a general pattern of relaxation of selection on these genes across the Lepraria lineage. Together, these results suggest that Lepraria may be capable of sexual reproduction, including mate recognition, meiosis, and production of ascomata. Conclusions Despite apparent maintenance of machinery essential for fungal sex, over 200 years of careful observations by lichenologists have produced no evidence of canonical sexual reproduction in Lepraria. We suggest that Lepraria may have instead evolved a form of parasexual reproduction, perhaps by repurposing MAT and meiosis-specific genes. This may, in turn, allow these lichenized fungi to avoid long-term consequences of asexuality, while maintaining the benefit of an unbroken bond with their algal symbionts. Keywords Asexual, Comparative genomics, Lichenized fungi, Mating, Meiosis. | |||||
| 36982 | Liepiņa A.A., Jansone D., Elferts D., Barone I., Donis J. & Jansons Ā. (2024): The effects of the selective removal of adjacent trees on the diversity of oak-hosted epiphytes and tree-related microhabitats. - Plants, 13(21): 3019 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13213019. Restoration efforts to maintain oak-dominated habitats and enhance biodiversity often employ selective thinning, but its long-term effect on multiple taxa remains unclear. This study examines the effects of halo thinning around pedunculate oak on epiphytic and tree-related microhabitat (TreM) diversity in the boreal–nemoral forest zone. We revisited nine sites in Latvia with 150–331-year-old oaks, where thinning was conducted in 2003–2004. Epiphyte species composition and cover were assessed, and TreMs were evaluated using standardised methods. Diversity indices (Hill numbers, q = 0; 1; 2; 3) and statistical models (LMMs, Poisson GLMMs) were used to analyse the effects of thinning on species richness and TreM occurrence. Halo thinning over the past 20 years has not caused significant differences in epiphyte or TreM diversity, though managed trees exhibited a higher occurrence of the most common microhabitats. These findings suggest halo thinning may enhance specific TreM features but do not substantially promote epiphyte and TreM diversity. Future research should implement systematic monitoring, deriving the relationships between the conditions after the thinning and their effects, thus serving as the basis for adaptive habitat management strategies. Expanding the scope of such studies is essential for developing evidence-based forest management strategies. Keywords: Quercus robur L.; TreM; lichens; bryophytes; halo thinning. | |||||
| 36981 | Benítez Á., Cruz D., López F., Cumbicus N., Naranjo C., Riofrío M., Ochoa-Pérez T. & Vega M. (2024): Epiphytic lichens in salt flats as biodiversity refuges in Reserva Ecológica Arenillas. - Diversity, 16(11): 655 [12 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16110655. The mangrove biome is a highly productive system globally, with flora and fauna adapted to significant saline influence, where salt flats coexist alongside these systems, emerging over sands and muds with high salinity and sparse vegetation. The objective of this research is to describe, for the first time in Ecuador, the diversity of epiphytic lichens in salt flats in the southern region of Ecuador. Two salt flats were selected where Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa were the dominant trees with the shrub Batis maritima. A total of 30 species of epiphytic lichens were recorded, with the families Arthoniaceae, Graphidaceae, and Ramalinaceae having the highest number of species, and crustose lichens with photobiont type Trentepohlia showed high richness. The salt flats in the southern region of Ecuador have a high richness of epiphytic lichen species, and the species composition is similar to mangroves, highlighting the importance of their conservation as biodiversity refuges for lichens and consequently other flora and fauna groups. Therefore, epiphytic lichens in salt flats can be used as model organisms to assess their conservation in tropical areas. Keywords: biome; diversity; epiphytes; mangroves; crustose lichens. | |||||
| 36980 | Aragón G., Giménez G.F. & Negrón V. (2024): Some interesting lichens on volcanic rocks in the inland regions of the Iberian Peninsula. - Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, 81(1): e148 [5 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.621. We report the first record of Acarospora insolata, A. irregularis, Caloplaca interna, Endocarpon adsurgens, and Flavoplaca limonia in the Iberian Peninsula. The species inhabit volcanic rocks in the Spanish Central Volcanic Region. This finding represents a significant expansion of the distribution range of these five species. Keywords: Campo de Calatrava, distribution, saxicolous lichens, Spain, volcanic habitat. | |||||
| 36979 | Prater I., Mißbach-Karmrodt H., König K., Friedrich D. & Heim C. (2024): Biogeochemical traces and microbe-mineral interactions in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert. - Global and Planetary Change, 238: 104463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104463. Life found various ways to thrive in hostile desert environments. Common adaptation mechanisms are protection against desiccation and UV radiation in biofilms and biocrusts as well as the hypolithic and endolithic colonization of rocks. One of those hostile regions is the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile with its hyperarid core, counted among the most arid places on Earth. Besides the aridity, life faces severe restrictions in these surroundings, e.g. extremely high UV radiation, scarce nutrient supply, and immense salt concentrations. Still, microbial communities and soil organic matter are crucial for the stability of soils and surface sediments in arid ecosystems. Combining molecular mass spectrometry for lipid biomarkers, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we individually investigated two factors that are of particular importance for the stability of dryland landscapes now and in the future: 1) We studied biogeochemical traces (organic remnants) in surface sediments along an aridity gradient with regard to possible decomposition and/or sequestration of organic compounds. 2) We investigated the interaction of lithobiontic and endolithic microbial communities with the mineral surface with special regard to the stability of soil and surface sediment structures in different areas of the Atacama Desert: in the region of the Salar Grande, Pisagua, and the Quebrada da Aroma. We analyzed halite- and calcium sulfate-dominated evaporitic crusts with and without visible microbial colonization. Organic traces were present in all investigated samples. Following an aridity gradient along the Quebrada de Aroma from an annual precipitation of about 20 mm to the hyperarid core with approx. 2 mm, we found a decrease in functionalized molecular compounds and plant-derived biomarkers (long-chain fatty acids, sterols) as well as an increase in aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating strongly decomposed remnants of plants and microorganisms. The investigation of halite- and calcium sulfate-dominated evaporitic crusts from the Salar Grande, Pisagua, and Aroma region revealed tight interactions of microorganisms with the mineral substrate. Indications of recent bacterial activity were ubiquitous (e.g. short-chain membrane fatty acids, carbohydrates of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that especially the microbial EPS within evaporites seems to biochemically stabilize mineral aggregates by agglutination. Moreover, fungal biomarkers showed that fungi and fungal parts of lichen were not only present at the surface of physical soil crusts but form widespread networks in the crusts and thereby contribute significantly to the physical stabilization of soils and surface sediments and erosion protection. Hyperarid, Aridity gradient, Surface crust stabilization, Lipid biomarkers, 2D NMR | |||||
| 36978 | Namwong S., Kato S., Iino T., Itoh T., Ohkuma M., Kanchanasin P., Phongsopitanun W. & Tanasupawat S. (2024): Draft genome sequence of an ubiquinone-10 producing Methylobacterium durans LRY1-08 isolated from lichen in Thailand. - Data in Brief, 54: 110485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110485. A ubiquitous and pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, designated LRY1–08 (=JCM 33120), was isolated from a lichen in Thailand. Strain LRY1–08 and Methylobacterium durans NBRC 112876T shared 99.92 % similarity based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The draft genome of LRY1–08 was 5.26 Mbp with 4,952 protein-coding sequences and an average G + C content of 70.0 mol%. Comparing strain LRY1–08 to M. durans NBRC 112876T, the ANIb, ANIm, AAI, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 96.29 %, 97.10 %, 96.7 %, and 82.29 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and genome analysis, it was identified as M. durans. Its genomic sequence data revealed the PHB and CoQ10 biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the results offer suggestions for further investigation into possible applications of this bacterium in biotechnology. The draft genome was deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank (DNA Databank of Japan/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/Genbank) (JAYEEX000000000). Lichen, Thailand | |||||
| 36977 | Haldeman M. & Darmostuk V. (2024): Trichonectria Fragmospora Comb. Nov. (Hypocreales), a New Lichenicolous Fungus Record for North America. - Evansia, 41(1): 19-27, 9. https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-41.1.19. We provide the first North American report of the lichenicolous fungus Pronectria fragmospora. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses we found this species to be nested within the genus Trichonectria and the new combination Trichonectria fragmospora is proposed. We provide a description and photos of the North American material on Evernia prunastri and a phylogenetic tree showing its placement within the genus. We also compare this species to related species of Trichonectria and similar species of Pronectria. | |||||
| 36976 | Mendili M., Lahbib H., Saoudi M.M., Khadhri A., Aschi-Smiti S. & Ben Amor Y. (2024): The Power of Lichens: New Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors from Nature. - ChemistrySelect, 9(15): e202400440. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202400440. This research explores an environmentally friendly alternative: lichens, which produce natural compounds with antioxidant effects. This study focuses on the inhibition of corrosion by lichens, which has not been previously explored for this purpose. The anti-corrosion potential of methanol extracts of Parmotrema hypoleucinum, Roccella phycopsis, and Xanthoria parietina was examined. The electrochemical impedance and weight loss methods were used to examine the corrosion inhibition process of mild steel XC48 in 1 M HCl by three lichen extracts. | |||||
| 36975 | Marshall A., Aptroot A., Blanchon D., James C. & Lange P.J. (2024): New Zealand Lithothelium (Pyrenulaceae) — description of a new species Lithothelium kiritea sp. nov., with notes on L. australe. - Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 81: 145–154. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj81.02.145. Lithothelium kiritea A.J. Marshall, Aptroot, de Lange & Blanchon sp. nov. (Pyrenulaceae) is described from Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species has a mainly coastal and mostly westerly distribution in Aotearoa / New Zealand and is thus far known only from the bark of living Cordyline australis (Asparagaceae). The new species is separated from Lithothelium australe (treated here as endemic to the Chatham Islands), by its corticolous, rather than saxicolous habit, white to pale buff (when fresh) thallus and large ascospores (measuring 32−40 × 12−15 μm). Lithothelium kiritea is easily recognised and usually abundant in the locations where it has been found, yet it seems to have not been collected until 1973 when it was sampled once and then not collected again until 2018. Currently, specimens matching L. kiritea have not been reported from Australia, so we recommend it be searched for there. Within Aotearoa / New Zealand, we propose that the species be assessed as ‘Not Threatened’ using the New Zealand Threat Classification System. | |||||
| 36974 | Gary B.P. (2024): Charis (“Cherie”) C. Bratt (1932–2023). - Evansia, 41(1): 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-41.1.28. Charis (Cherie) Bratt, born December 31, 1932, in Lake Placid, NY, passed on August 27, 2023, at 90. Salutatorian of her high school, she attended Syracuse University but left due to asthma issues. She worked in New York, married Peter Bratt in 1954, and they moved to Goleta, CA, in 1960 with five children. Cherie became a community advocate, fighting to preserve Lake Los Carneros and founding low-cost housing initiatives. A Santa Barbara County Planning Commissioner, she pioneered bike paths and promoted sustainable zoning. As a lichenologist, she contributed a 40,000-specimen collection to the SB Botanic Garden. Cherie’s legacy continues in conservation, family, and her contributions to Goleta | |||||
| 36973 | McCune B. (2024): Speed spotting TLC plates with micropipette tips
. - Evansia, 41(3): 72–76. https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-41.3.72. Spotting thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates can be sped up dramatically by using micropipette tips for simultaneous extraction and delivery of lichen substances. High quality results can be obtained in half the time or less for the most time-consuming step in TLC of lichens, spotting the plates. Keywords: Lichenized fungi, methods, secondary metabolites, specialized metabolites. | |||||
| 36972 | Kossowska M. (2024): Cercidospora parva new for Poland and some other noteworthy records of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi from the Karkonosze Mountains. - Acta Mycologica, 59: 193967 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.5586/am/193967. Three noteworthy epilithic lichens species, Porpidia flavocruenta, P. thomsonii and Rhizocarpon cinereovirens, and two lichenicolous fungi, Cercidospora parva and Abrothallus aff. caerulescens were recently recorded in the Polish part of the Karkonosze Mountains. Cercidospora parva is reported from Poland for the first time. Abrothallus aff. caerulescens and Porpidia thomsonii are new for the Western Sudetes. Rhizocarpon cinereovirens has been rediscovered in the Karkonosze Mountains afer over a century. Porpidia flavocruenta is known in Poland only from the Karkonosze Mountains, it is reported here from a new substrate, hornfels. Descriptions, notes on similar species, habitat preferences, and distribution of each species are provided. Keywords: lichenized fungi; lichenicolous fungi; lichen diversity; Sudety Mountains. | |||||
| 36971 | Lin D., Meng J., Meina L., Wu Q., Wang L., Li X., Song J., Zhao L., Peng X., Liu H. & Spielmann A. (2024): Active biomonitoring of atmospheric element deposition using Evernia mesomorpha in Tangshan, China. - Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 22: 1191-1205. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2202_11911205. Tangshan is a typical heavy industrial city in North China. Evernia mesomorpha (EV) from a remote site was exposed at the non-industrial and industrial sites of Tangshan in the winter heating period of 2016-2017 for 4 months. Concentration of 50 elements in the samples before and after exposure was measured using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). The results show that exposure concentrations of the 49 elements are significantly higher than the background concentrations, coinciding with the fact that the exposure area had higher pollutant contents than the background area. The results show that exposure concentrations are significantly higher than the background concentrations which had a low variability, confirming the applicability of this lichen in active biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition of 49 elements in China. The elements are classified into crustal (Ag, Al, As, Cs, K, P, Rb, Si, Th, U, Sc, and 15 Lanthanides), atmospheric-crustal (Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ge, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, and V), and atmospheric groups (S and Zn). PLIsite and PLIzone often reveal one class of bioaccumulation higher at industrial sites than at non-industrial sites, regardless of element sources. After taking all groups together, the bioaccumulation is evaluated as heavy and moderate at the industrial and non-industrial sites, respectively. The bioaccumulation is the highest for the atmospheric elements (heavy to severe) and the lowest for the crustal elements (low to moderate). These results indicate that EV is a good biomonitor for all elements except P. Air quality of Tangshan in winter heating period is a concern due to industrial, transport and coal combustion emissions. | |||||
| 36970 | Khamweera P., Chaloyard N., Klaysood A., Soottitantawat S., Polyiam W., Phokaeoc S., Sutthisangiam N. & Visutsak P. (2024): Exploitation of an ontology in a semantic web: A case study transferring Thai lichen data into domain ontologies. - eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research), 16(1): 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-16-1s39. More than 100 lichens have been found and identified in Thailand over the last century. Lichens perform useful environmental functions. Normally, they grow on trees, rocks and soils, in various forms and colours. They provide shelter and food for animals and plants. Lichens can also be used as indicators of air pollution, and some are researched for drugs, dyes, deodorants and extracts. This paper presents an ontology for lichens in Thailand, using lichen data from Khao Pluang, in Lopburi, Thailand. The database developed makes major contributions in the amount of knowledge on lichens that it stores, including the latitude and longitude of lichens at Khao Pluang specifically, and images of lichens. The system was implemented via web and mobile applications. The ontology knowledge consists of 6 main classes: 1) scientific name, 2) lichen type, 3) date found, 4) uses of the lichen, 5) function as an air pollution indicator, and 6) specific features of the individual lichen. Evaluation of the system was carried out by lichen and ontology specialists using Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) | |||||
| 36969 | He Z., Liu Q. & Naganuma T. (2024): Microbiomes associated with saxicolous lichens inhabiting montane rocks in western Japan. - Academia Biology, 2024(2): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.20935/AcadBiol7298. The diversity and structure of bacterial populations associated with saxicolous lichens in western Japan were investigated by a microbiomic approach based on the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. A total of six saxicolous lichens were collected. The mycobionts of the six lichens were affiliated with two species of Umbilicaria, while the photobionts were ascribed to one species of Trebouxia, both being well-known lichen-forming fungal and green algal genera, based on their 18S rRNA gene sequences. Based on the associated bacterial V3–V4 sequences, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were generated and used for microbiomic analysis. The associated microbiomes were clustered mainly by the host fungal species. Comparison with the previously studied microbiomes of the Antarctic and Alpine saxicolous lichens, consisting of other Umbilicaria and Trebouxia species, showed a distinct separation among the lichen-associated microbiomes from Japan, Antarctica, and Alpine. The clearly identified biomarker OTUs at the phylum rank were affiliated with Acidobacteriota and Planctomycetota for Japan, Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota for Antarctica, and Pseudomonadota for Alpine based on relative V3–V4 abundances (and thus variable depending on V3–V4 sources). It was unclear whether the microbiomes and biomarkers were more affected by biogeographic (bioclimatic) features or Umbilicaria species. Nevertheless, this study was the first to reveal Umbilicaria-associated microbiomes in Japan and provided a basis for further investigations on other Umbilicaria and non-Umbilicaria lichen sources. microbiomics, bacteriome, 16S rRNA gene, V3–V4 region, Umbilicaria, Antarctica | |||||
| 36968 | Fajardo W. (2024): Taxonomy and new distributional records of corticolous manglicolous microlichens in Bangrin Marine Protected Area, Philippines. - Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6: 2024218. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024218. This research aims to continue the inventory of corticolous microlichens in Pangasinan, Northern Philippines. The study was focused on the manglicolous lichens that grow on the bark and stems of mangrove trees present in the Bangrin Marine Protected Area mangrove forest. The survey resulted in the documentation of eight (8) species of manglicolous microlichens belonging to four (4) families. These include Bacidia kurilensis, Graphis furcata, Graphis nanodes, Graphis pinicola, Graphis pulverulenta, Lecanora achroa, Lithothelium almbornii and Pyrenula parvinuclea. The highest species richness belonged to the family Graphidaceae, followed by Pyrenulaceae. The lichens B. kurilensis and L. almbornii were reported to be new distributional records in the Philippines. | |||||
| 36967 | Ertz D. & Lebreton E. (2024): A New Corticolous Species of Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) from Guadeloupe, Remarkable by its Byssoid Thallus. - CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOLOGIE, 45: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamiemycologie2024v45a1. An unknown species of Roccellaceae Chevall. was collected in 2022 and 2023 on the bark of trunks in a rainforest in Basse-Terre island (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles). Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU, nuLSU and RPB2 sequences reveal the placement of the species in the genus Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae). The lichen is unusual for the genus by being the first species of Mazosia developing a byssoid thallus. It is described as Mazosia byssoidea Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. Besides it byssoid thallus, the new species is characterized by 1-septate ascospores, stipitate pycnidia and a chemistry with roccellic acid. Together, all these features make the new species a distinctive and important addition to the Arthoniales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. So far, it is only known from two large trees in a dense humid forest at low elevation, a locality that needs to be included in a protected area. A key to the corticolous species of Mazosia is provided. Une espèce nouvelle corticole de Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) de Guadeloupe, remarquable par son thalle byssoïde. Une espèce inconnue de Roccellaceae Chevall. a été collectée en 2022 et 2023 sur écorce d'arbres dans une forêt tropicale dense et humide sur l'île de la Basse-Terre en Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles). Des analyses phylogénétiques utilisant les séquences mtSSU, nuLSU et RPB2 révèlent le placement de l'espèce dans le genre Mazosia A.Massal. (Roccellaceae). Ce lichen est inhabituel pour le genre car il s'agit de la première espèce de Mazosia développant un thalle byssoïde. Il est décrit comme Mazosia byssoidea Lebreton & Ertz, sp. nov. En plus de son thalle byssoïde, la nouvelle espèce est caractérisée par des ascospores à une cloison, des pycnides pédonculées et une chimie caractérisée par l'acide roccellique. L'ensemble de ces caractéristiques fait de cette nouvelle espèce un ajout singulier et important aux Arthoniales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. Jusqu'à présent, elle n'est connue que de deux grands arbres dans une forêt dense humide de basse altitude, une localité qui devrait être incluse dans une zone protégée. Une clé des espèces corticoles du genre Mazosia est fournie. | |||||
| 36966 | Drotos K., Larson D. & McMullin R. (2024): Scientific telephone: The cautionary tale of the global coverage of lichens. - BioScience, 74: 473–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biae048. Scientific history has many examples of profound statements that are later found to be unsubstantiated. The consequences of such misinformation can be dire. In the present article, we present a case where an unevidenced estimate of global lichen coverage proliferated through both scientific literature and popular media. We traced this estimate to a non-peer-reviewed publication from 1987. We found 76 academic articles (collectively cited 4125 times) and 13 other academic documents citing the statistic, citation chains without source attribution, and instances where the number or context was changed. We also found the statistic 37 times in popular media, which is especially concerning, given that these media communicate science to the broader public. We demonstrate how an unevidenced statement can spread, change through time, and ultimately be repeated without demand for evidence. We hope this case unplugs the telephone and provides a cautionary tale for researchers to ensure critical evaluation of citation and communication practices. | |||||
| 36965 | Devi D. & Tayung K. (2024): Diversity and bioactivity of endolichenic fungi isolated from three lichen species of Arunachal Pradesh, Indo-Burma belt. - Vegetos, 2024: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00902-7. Endolichenic fungi (ELF) are diverse microbial symbionts that live asymptomatically within lichen thalli. In this study, ELF was investigated from three medicinal lichen hosts namely Cryptothecia scripta, Parmotrema tinctorum, and Dirinnaria applanata from Tippi, Dahung and Dirang. Variations in the occurrence of isolates amongst the sites were determined. A total of 406 fungal isolates were isolated from the surface sterilized lichen fragments. Maximum colonization frequency of endolichenic fungi was observed in P. tinctorum (52.01%), followed by C. scripta (46.01%) and D. applanata (37.3%). The commonly isolated endolichenic fungi belonged to classes Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Similarly, common endolichenic fungal genera found associated with the lichen hosts were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Sordaria and Trichoderma. Diversity analyses of endolichenic fungal communities indicated variations in species richness and similarity coefficient. It was observed that diversity was influenced by climatic conditions, altitudinal variations and lichen hosts. Samples collected from Dahung showed higher species richness and greater Shannon weiner's and Simpson diversity indices. Jaccard similarity index of ELF showed similarity of the isolates varied amongst the lichen hosts and in between the collection sites. Almost all the isolates determined for antimicrobial activity showed inhibitory effect against some clinically significant pathogens in varying degree. Amongst the isolates, Trichoderma sp. isolated from all the lichen host showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The study indicated that lichens harbour diverse ELF with antimicrobial potential. Detailed investigation on their bioactive metabolites might leads to the disvovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. | |||||
| 36964 | Ezhkin A.K. & Davydov E.A. (2024): Fuscopannaria mediterranea and F. sorediata (Pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), new records for the Far East of Russia. - Botanica Pacifica, 13(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17581/bp.2024.13107. Two new records of Pannariaceae lichens – Fuscopannaria mediterranea and F. sorediata were registered for the Russian Far East using DNA and morphological investigation of the samples collected from the Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. Both species are morphologically problematic to distinguish from other sorediate species of the genus Fuscopannaria. Fuscopannaria mediterranea is reported for the first time to East Asia supported by the ITS nrDNA molecular-phylogenetic data. After investigation of the material from Sakhalin and Kuriles we excluded Fuscopannaria confusa and F. leprosa from the species list of the Russian Far East. The rest controversial material from Sakhalin and Kuriles was identified as F. alhneri as the most common species of the genus in the region. lichens, biodiversity, rare species, disjunction, northeast Asia, ITS | |||||
| 36963 | Semenov K.N., Prokopiev I.A., Petukhova N.V., Kremenetskaya U.A., Senichkina D.A., Epifanovskaya O.S., Rumiantsev A.M., Andoskin P.A., Rizaev J.A., Kholmurodova D.K., Ageev S.V., Anufrikov Yu.A., Zakharov E.E., Moiseev I.S. & Sharoyko V.V. (2024): Atranorin is a novel potential candidate drug for treating myelodysplastic syndrome
. - Journal of Molecular Liquids, 413: 125743 [17 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125743. This work is devoted to the study of biocompatibility, cyto- and genotoxicity, mechanism of action and prospects for the use of atranorin, which is an AKT kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Atranorin was isolated by preparative flash chromatography; identification was carried out by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Biocompatibility studies included studies of haemocompatibility, genotoxicity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity against ECV340 and HEK293 cell lines. Computer modelling of the interaction of atranorin with AKT kinase was carried out using docking followed by molecular dynamics of the resulting complexes; the ADMET properties of atranorin were also calculated. Flow cytometry included analysis of the expression level of PD-L1 and TIM-3 in the presence of atranorin on THP-1, Mono-Mac-1 and KG-1 cell lines, as well as human bone marrow cells. Keywords: Atranorin; Biocompatibility; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; AKT kinase; Flow cytometry. | |||||
| 36962 | Aoussar N., Laasri F.E., Bourhia M., Manoljovic N., Mhand R.A., Rhallabi N., Ullah R., Shahat A.A., Noman O.M., Nasr F.A., Almarfadi O.M., El Mzibri M., Vasiljević P., Benbacer L. & Mellouki F. (2020): Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of lichens. - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020: 8104538 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8104538. Background. Lichens present a complex symbiotic relationship between a filamentous fungus, photoautotrophic partner (algae or cyanobacteria), and bacterial community. The Objective of the Study. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of acetone extracts of Moroccan Evernia prunastri (E. prunastri), Ramalina farinacea (R. farinacea), and Pseudevernia furfuracea (P. furfuracea). Materials and Methods. The phytochemical analysis was carried out by HPLC-UV. The cytotoxic effect was assessed on human prostate cancer (22RV1), human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2), and Hamster ovarian cancer (CHO) cells lines by WST1 assay. The antioxidant power was assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays. The antibacterial effect was obtained using the broth microdilution method. Results. The findings of phytochemical analysis showed that the lichens studied possess interesting bioactive molecules such as physodalic acid, evernic acid, and usnic acid, as well as protocetraric acid. According to the American National Cancer Institute guidelines, the WST-1 test showed that all crude extracts did not show significant cytotoxic effects against all concerous cell lines, and IC50 values ranged from 42.30 to 140.24 µg/mL. Regarding the antioxidant activity, P. furfuracea extract showed the highest free-radical-scavenging ability (IC50 = 498.40 µg/mL). The most potent antibacterial extract was recorded for P. furfuracea extract with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.039 to 0.31 mg/mL. Conclusion. In this research work, we report that the studied lichen extracts exhibit an important biological effect, supporting that lichens represent a hopeful source of original natural products for the research of new bioactive molecules having a pharmaceutical interest. | |||||
| 36961 | Crittenden P.D. & Thornton B. (2024): Evidence for the translocation of fixed N in the N2-fixing lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum. - Physiologia Plantarum, 176(5): e14555 [6 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14555. The fruticose lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum is among the most abundant and widespread lichens in upland Britain. It typically produces cephalodia (nodules) that contain the cyanobacterium Stigonema, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, over much of England, Wales, and southern Scotland S. vesuvianum no longer produces cephalodia and does not fix nitrogen, a morphological change linked to elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This provided a unique opportunity to compare the 15N natural abundance signatures in N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing lichen populations, keeping in mind that fixed nitrogen has a 15N content close to that of atmospheric N2 while, in comparison, several components of atmospheric combined N (e.g. nitrate and ammonium in precipitation) tend to be 15N depleted. We found that in N2-fixing samples, there was a steep gradient in 15N relative abundance in the terminal 15 mm of thallus branches (pseudopodetia), changing from 15N depleted tissues at 10–15 mm below the tips to values close to that of atmospheric N2 at the apices while in non-N2-fixing samples thallus branches were uniformly 15N depleted. The 15N gradient in N2-fixing material could not be explained by the presence of cephalodia since these are more abundant towards branch bases. The data provide the first evidence in lichens of translocation of recently fixed N to sink regions of active growth and production of asexual reproductive propagules, bringing lichens into line with N source-sink relationships in N2-fixing plant symbioses. | |||||
| 36960 | Ehlers L., Palm E., Herriges J., Bentzen T., Suitor M., Joly K., Millspaugh J., Donnelly P., Gross J., Wells J., Larue B. & Hebblewhite M. (2024): A taste of space: Remote animal observations and discrete-choice models provide new insights into foraging and density dynamics for a large subarctic herbivore. - J Anim Ecol, 93(7): 891-905. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14109. Competition for resources and space can drive forage selection of large herbivores from the bite through the landscape scale. Animal behaviour and foraging patterns are also influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Fine-scale mechanisms of density-dependent foraging at the bite scale are likely consistent with density-dependent behavioural patterns observed at broader scales, but few studies have directly tested this assertion. Here, we tested if space use intensity, a proxy of spatiotemporal density, affects foraging mechanisms at fine spatial scales similarly to density-dependent effects observed at broader scales in caribou. We specifically assessed how behavioural choices are affected by space use intensity and environmental processes using behavioural state and forage selection data from caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) observed from GPS video-camera collars using a multivariate discrete-choice modelling framework. We found that the probability of eating shrubs increased with increasing caribou space use intensity and cover of Salix spp. shrubs, whereas the probability of eating lichen decreased. Insects also affected fine-scale foraging behaviour by reducing the overall probability of eating. Strong eastward winds mitigated negative effects of insects and resulted in higher probabilities of eating lichen. At last, caribou exhibited foraging functional responses wherein their probability of selecting each food type increased as the availability (% cover) of that food increased. Space use intensity signals of fine-scale foraging were consistent with density-dependent responses observed at larger scales and with recent evidence suggesting declining reproductive rates in the same caribou population. Our results highlight potential risks of overgrazing on sensitive forage species such as lichen. Remote investigation of the functional responses of foraging behaviours provides exciting future applications where spatial models can identify high-quality habitats for conservation. Animals, *Reindeer/physiology, *Herbivory, *Population Density, Feeding Behavior, Models, Biological, Choice Behavior, Ecosystem, Caribou, climate, competition, density‐dependence, functional response, insect harassment, summer diet | |||||
| 36959 | Dawson D.M., Smellie I.A. & Ashbrook S.E. (2024): An NMR crystallographic characterisation of solid (+)-usnic acid. - Phys Chem Chem Phys, 26(19): 14256-14264. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cp01127a. We use a combination of one- and two-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain a full assignment of the (1)H and (13)C signals for solid (+)-usnic acid, which contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit. By combining through-space (1)H-(1)H correlation data with computation it is possible to assign signals not just to the same molecules (relative assignment) but to assign the signals to specific crystallographic molecules (absolute assignment). Variable-temperature measurements reveal that there is some variation in many of the (13)C chemical shifts with temperature, likely arising from varying populations of different tautomeric forms of the molecule. The NMR spectrum of crystalline (+)-usnic acid is then compared with that of ground Usnea dasopoga lichen (the source material of the usnic acid). The abundance of usnic acid is so great in the lichen that this natural product can be observed directly in the NMR spectrum without further purification. This natural sample of usnic acid appears to have the same crystalline form as that in the pure commercial sample. | |||||
| 36958 | Cannon P., Coppins B., Aptroot A., Fryday A., Sanderson N., Simkin J. & Yahr R. (2024): Miscellaneous Lecanorales including Biatorella (Biatorellaceae), Carbonicola (Carbonicolaceae), Haematomma (Haematommataceae), Psilolechia (Psilolechiaceae), Ramboldia (Ramboldiaceae), Scoliciosporum (Scoliciosporaceae), and Adelolecia, Catinaria, Frutidella, Herteliana, Lithocalla, Myochroidea, Puttea and Schadonia (of uncertain position). - Revisions of British and Irish Lichens, 42: 1-23. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Lecanorales%20misc%20genera.pdf. | |||||
| 36957 | Canali G., Di Nuzzo L., Benesperi R., Nascimbene J. & Giordani P. (2024): Functional traits of non-vascular epiphytes influence fine scale thermal heterogeneity under contrasting microclimates: insights from sub-Mediterranean forests. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 205: 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad063. Lichens and bryophytes contribute to regulating the forest microclimate and support ecosystem functions. Exploring the thermal heterogeneity at a trunk-level may help elucidate the effect of thermoregulation of epiphytes. We hypothesized that (i) the thermal patterns of epiphytic communities depend on the microclimatic conditions of the surrounding atmosphere and (ii) the thermal heterogeneity at a trunk-level may in turn depend on functional traits of epiphytic communities, such as thallus colour and growth form. We carried out two measurement sessions under contrasting microclimatic conditions (wet vs. dry). Using a thermal camera, we acquired infra-red (IR) images of 50 trees during the same time period under the contrasting wet and dry conditions. Results showed significant differences in thermal characteristics of the trees when contrasting wet with dry conditions and that colour and growth form were significantly associated with changes in thermal patterns at the trunk-level. The study highlights the importance of understanding the thermoregulatory processes of epiphytic communities. | |||||
| 36956 | Bano A., Razaq A., Ishaq A., Ilyas S. & Liaqat H. (2024): Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of a lichen, Protoparmeliopsis (lecanoraceae, ascomycota), a new lichen genus for Khaplu valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. - Studies in Fungi, 9: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.48130/sif-0024-0002. Protoparmeliopsis is reported for the first time from Pakistan and is represented here by Protoparmeliopsis zareii as a species record of this genus. This species has been identified using macro- and micromorphological descriptions, spot tests, ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers), and LSU (Larger Sub Unit) of rDNA molecular markers analyses. Molecularly, in the phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS sequence of Pakistani collection of Protoparmeliopsis zareii (KHP 05) clustered with DNA sequences of Protoparmeliopsis zareii reported from Iran (KP059049) while in LSU analysis, it assembled with Lecanora muralis as the LSU sequences of P. zareii are not available in the DNA database. Morphological data was also found and the studied specimen is found to be conspecific with Protoparmeliopsis zareii. | |||||
| 36955 | Buck W.R. & Herr E.A. (2024): Kent biodiversity list. - In: : Town of Kent New York Natural Resources Inventory. - Hudsonia Ltd., Annandale-On-Hudson, pp. 263-317. https://www.nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/RLL/PDF/R44953.pdf. Lichenology, the study of lichens, reveals significant biodiversity in various environments, including the Town of Kent, New York. Through a comprehensive biodiversity inventory, over multiple years of fieldwork, a diverse collection of lichen species was documented. Collaboration with experts such as Dr. Ernie Brodo and Dr. James C. Lendemer aided in the identification of numerous lichen specimens, expanding the knowledge of lichen diversity in this region. The findings emphasize the ecological importance of lichens in biodiversity conservation efforts and their role as indicators of environmental health. Ongoing research is essential for understanding the full extent of lichen diversity and their ecological interactions in different habitats | |||||
| 36954 | Queffelec J., Beraud W., Ferron S., Boustie J., Rodríguez-González I., Díaz-Reinoso B., Torres M.D. & Domínguez H. (2024): Alternatives for the extraction of bioactives and biopolymers from Evernia prunastri for the formulation of antimicrobial bio-based films. - Green Chemistry, 26(19): 10205–10224. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4gc02741h. The recent growing interest in the biological properties of lichen metabolites has evidenced different needs and challenges for further exploration, including the development of green processing with safer solvents and more efficient use of energy. Microwave assisted hydrothermal processing, applied after supercritical CO2 extraction, was proposed for the sequential extraction of bioactives and biopolymer fractions. Alternatively, it was combined with natural deep eutectics (NaDES) as cosolvents. Lichenic acids, antioxidants and oligosaccharides were simultaneously extracted using NaDES, and the recovered polysaccharides showed adequate mechanical properties for the formulation of films with antimicrobial action against Gram positive bacteria. An environmental assessment of the three different processes using the Eco-Scale suggested that the NaDES microwave extraction was, due to its low toxicity and good extraction yield of polysaccharides, the most sustainable of the three processes. The recent growing interest in the biological properties of lichen metabolites has evidenced different needs and challenges for further exploration, including the development of green processing with safer solvents and more efficient use of energy. | |||||
| 36953 | Pushkareva E., Hejduková E., Elster J. & Becker B. (2024): Microbial response to seasonal variation in arctic biocrusts with a focus on fungi and cyanobacteria. - Environmental Research, 263: 120110 [9 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.120110. Biocrusts are crucial components of Arctic ecosystems, playing significant roles in carbon and nitrogen cycling, especially in regions where plant growth is limited. However, the microbial communities within Arctic biocrusts and their strategies for surviving the harsh conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, the microbial profiles of Arctic biocrusts across different seasons (summer, autumn, and winter) were investigated in order to elucidate their survival strategies in extreme conditions. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed significant differences in microbial community composition among the sites located in different elevations. The bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, while the fungal communities were mainly represented by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with lichenized and saprotrophic traits prevailing. Cyanobacteria were primarily composed of heterocystous cyanobacteria. Furthermore, the study identified molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation, including the expression of heat shock proteins and cold-inducible RNA helicases in cyanobacteria and fungi. Overall, the microbial communities appear to be permanently well adapted to the extreme environment. Keywords: soil microbial communities; Seasons; Cold adaptation; Meta-omics; Polar; Environmental parameters. Highlights: • The microbial communities of biocrusts appear to be permanently well adapted to the extreme environment in the Arctic. • RNA helicases and heat shock proteins are crucial for cold acclimation in cyanobacteria and fungi within Arctic biocrusts. • Nostoc is a key genus of cyanobacteria in Arctic biocrusts. • Lichenized and saprotrophic traits dominate the fungal community in the Arctic biocrusts. | |||||
| 36952 | Roturier S., Jensen J., Nutti L.-E., Barbillon P., Ollier S. & Bergström D. (2024): Assessing the restoration and the dispersal of reindeer lichen after forest fire in northern Sweden: Results after eleven growing seasons. - Ecological Engineering, 209: 107415 [11 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107415. In circumboreal regions, Rangifer populations depend heavily on ground reindeer lichens (Cladonia subgenus Cladina) during the winter, but this critical resource was depleted over the 20th century as a result of land encroachment and habitat loss. Fires, both wild and controlled, can also contribute to the decline of reindeer lichen. Depending on the context, accelerating the return of winter pasture through reindeer lichen transplantation after fire may be needed to conserve threatened caribou populations and semi-domestic reindeer herding. Following a field experiment established in 2008, two years after a forest fire, we evaluated the success of restoration through lichen transplantation, measuring biomass on restoration, control and reference sites. We also assessed the dispersal of lichen fragments from the restoration plots into the surrounding burnt area. Eleven growing seasons after lichen transplantation, the lichen biomass measured on restoration sites (62 g m−2) was on average significantly higher than on control sites (0.8 g m−2), but remained non-significantly lower than on reference sites (109 g m−2). This confirms the success of the transplanting operation and the remaining progress towards a fully restored lichen mat. The distance distribution of lichen fragments showed that reindeer lichen had dispersed by at least 20 m from the restoration plots, and locally by much greater distances, of up to 60 m. The absence of a clear pattern of dispersal on all sites indicates the importance of microsite conditions and post-dispersal processes. Perspectives for future restoration operations are discussed, including the fire-lichen-Rangifer relationship, and implications for local and Indigenous populations who depend on them. Keywords: Artificial dispersal; Caribou; Cladonia; Prescribed burning; Restoration ecology; Transplantation. | |||||
| 36951 | Shaposhnikova L.M., Rachkova N.G., Pystina T.N. & Karmanov A.P. (2024): Radionuclides, macro- and microelements in the thalli of taiga fruticose lichens of the European Northeast. - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 235: 749 [18 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07568-6. The presented work was aimed at studying the features of accumulation of radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb, as well as micro- (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, Ti, Sr) and macroelements (Mn, Fe, Al) by fruticose epiphytic (Bryoria spp., Usnea spp.) and epigeal (Cladonia spp.) lichens in the middle and northern taiga subzone of the European Northeast (Komi Republic, Russia). Lichens were collected from forests of seven municipalities. Areas with combined radiation and chemical pollution were also included in the study. The relevance of the study is related to the increasing anthropogenic load worldwide, insufficient data on the concentrations of the studied elements in the environment of Komi Republic, their potential toxicity, including high radioactive toxicity of 210Po and 210Pb, as well as the possibility of using these lichens for bioindication of various pollutants, including radioactive ones. It has been established that the accumulation of chemical elements by lichens differs both for areas with different technogenic loads, and for different ecological-substrate groups of lichens. Based on the data from correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), as well as enrichment factors (EF) of lichens with chemical elements, the features of their intake into lichen thalli were studied. It was concluded that in the taiga zone epiphytes may be the preferable bioindicators of elements that enter the Earth's surface with air. Epigeal lichen Cladonia also showed good accumulating ability for 210Po, 210Pb, as well as microelements in areas with their high content in soils. Keywords: Fruticose lichens · 210Po · 210Pb · Microelements · Accumulation · Bioindication. | |||||
| 36950 | Raudabaugh D.B. & Aime M.C. (2024): Employment of a novel protocol to study the influence of early colonizers of the fungal community on rock faces. - Mycological Progress, 23: 64 [13 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-024-02002-x. Researchers employ high-throughput sequencing technologies to characterize mycobiome community composition and structure. However, the short sequences generated by these technologies can be limiting and may result in an inability to identify species at lower ranks, and to exclude taxa due to primer bias. Consequently, we introduce a novel protocol that (1) greatly decreases the number of unclassified sequences by providing three methods for determining the identity of each ASV or OTU and (2) sequences both dikaryon and early-diverging fungal lineages. This new protocol was tested specifically on the mycobiome of rock face colonizers. Samples were collected from two adjacent rock faces of varying colonization ages and subjected to DNA extraction, PCR, and library preparation, followed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results consisted of 4885 ASVs of which were further reduced to 2987 operational taxonomic units (97%). Among these, 1895 ASVs and 1071 OTUs were assigned to the kingdom Fungi. This protocol was effective in capturing both dikaryon lineages and early-diverging lineages with dominant (based on relative abundance) species consisting of Chytridiomyota, Mortierella and Taphrina species. This protocol successfully reduced unclassified sequences by 50% within this dataset resulting in only ~ 1.2% unidentified OTUs. Our protocol has the potential to provide significant advancements in fungal species assignment models. By incorporating both ITS2 and LSU regions, the protocol can enhance the accuracy of taxonomic identification and phylogenetic placement, thereby improving our understanding of fungal diversity and ecology. Keywords: Cladonia · Dicranum · Polypodium virginianum · Taphrina · Two-region approach. | |||||
| 36949 | Muhoro A.M., Ochomo E.O., Kinyua I.N., Kosgei J.J., Rasaki L.A. & Farkas E. (2024): A study on the effectiveness of (+)-usnic acid as oral toxic sugar bait against adult male and female Anopheles gambiae. - Malaria Journal , 23: 311 [8 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05141-4. Background: Despite the application of various tools for the control of vectors of Plasmodium falciparum, malaria remains the major killer disease in sub-Saharan Africa accounting for up to 90% of deaths due to the disease. Due to limitations of the useage of chemical insecticides such as resistance, negative impact on the environment and to nontarget organisms, the World Health Organization (WHO) requires that affected countries find alternative vector control tools. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ( +)-usnic acid (UA) as an insecticide through oral administration to male and female Anopheles gambiae as an alternative or additional active ingredient to be used in toxic sugar bait. Methods: ( +)-usnic acid was diluted using acetone at 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml concentrations in three replicates. A 5 ml mixture of 2% food dye and 10% sugar using chlorine-free water mixed with the dilutions of the ( +)-usnic acid and negative control was made containing 2% food dye and 10% sugar solution. The preparations were soaked on a ball of cotton wool and placed over the net of a cup. 5 male and 5 non-blood-fed female newly hatched starved An. gambiae Kisumu strain were introduced together into a cup and monitored for knockdown and mortalities after 4, 24 48, and 72 h. The data were analysed using a multiple linear regression model using the lm function, a base R function and a posthoc test were conducted on the significant main effects and interaction terms using the emmeans function from the emmeans R package. All analyses were performed in RStudio using base R (version 4.3.3). Results: There was high mortality of both male and female An. gambiae after ingestion of the toxic sugar bait. 15 mg/ml usnic acid caused the highest mortality (50%) within the first 4 h compared to 5 and 10 mg/ml ( +)-UA. There was a decline in the mortality rate with increased exposure time from 24 to 72 h, however, there was a significant difference in mortality at 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml. Acute toxicity was associated with ingestion of 15 mg/ml after 24 h. 72 h post-mortality was lower in all concentrations than in the control. High mortality was observed among females over the first 4 h (60%) compared to males (40%) due to higher feeding rate of the toxic agent. The proportion of dead males and females was equal after 24 h while after 48 h, the proportion of dead males was high.There was a significantly lower mortality rate after 72 h for both males and females (0 to 13.3%). Compared to all the treatments, high mortality of males was observed. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that ( +)-UA when administered as oral sugar bait to An. gambiae has insecticidal properties and is a suitable ingredient to be used as a toxic agent in the novel attractive toxic sugar bait for the control of malaria vectors. ( +)-UA may be an alternative active ingredient as toxic bait in the effort to reduce and eliminate the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. | |||||
| 36948 | Volobuev S.V., Ismailov A.B. & Ivanushenko Yu.Yu. (2024): Mycolichenological portrait of alder forest: alpha diversity revealed in 1ha plot in the Samursky National Park (Republic of Dagestan, Russia). - South of Russia: ecology, development, 19(3): 219–229. https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-3-21. Aim. Xylobiont fungi and lichens determine the sustainability of forest ecosystems, but their species richness and taxonomic diversity depend on the forest type and the degree of its disturbance. Alder forests, characterised by a specific set of ecological conditions, represent poorly studied habitats in terms of myco‐ and lichenobiota. The aim of this work was to determine the species composition of aphyllophoroid fungi and epiphytic lichens on a 1 ha sample plot in a lowland floodplain forest dominated by Alnus glutinosa in the Delta Samura area of the Samursky National Park. The authors collected basidiomata of lignicolous fungi and lichen specimens on a sample plot of 1 ha during field studies. The surveyed forest area is represented by a community dominated by Alnus glutinosa and lianas. The material was identified using light microscopy techniques and a standard set of chemical reactions. Thirty‐three species of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) and 53 species of lichens and allied fungi (Ascomycota) were identified. Among them, 16 species (48 %) of aphyllophoroid fungi were recorded for the first time for the Samursky National Park, including six species revealed for the first time for the Republic of Dagestan, of which three species (Donkia pulcherrima, Phanerochaete cumulodentata and Sertulicium granuliferum) were new to the Northern Caucasus. Lichen species Arthothelium ruanum, Bacidia arceutina and Graphis pulverulenta are listed for the first time for the Republic of Dagestan. At the same time, 21 species of lichenized fungi were recorded for the first time on Alnus glutinosa within the region. The taxonomical structure of aphyllophoroid fungi revealed reflects the spring period of basidiomata‐based field study. The predominance of corticioid fungi and revealing hydnoid species among morphological groups may be indicative of the generally wetter habitats of alder forests in comparison to other forest types distributed in the studied area. Most of species were recorded on dead wood of Alnus glutinosa as the main forest‐forming tree. At the same time, each of other substrates (Carpinus betulus and Corylus avellana) turned out to be the habitat of species new to the region. The group of fungal species developing on large‐scale substrate units, represented by fallen trunks, was the most prevalent and is to be considered as more vulnarable in a case of anthropogenical habitat disturbance. The majority of epiphytic lichens discovered on alder are not specific to this woody substrate, except for single findings. These species belong to epiphytes inhabiting the Samur forest, the core of the lichenobiota of which is composed of thermophilous lichens of lowland deciduous forests. In our opinion, the relict character of the forest, which is an isolated and rather small forest massif with relatively homogeneous climatic conditions, causes a high similarity between the species composition of lichens revealed in the surveyed sample plot with Alnus glutinosa and previously studied plots dominated by Carpinus betulus, Populus alba, and Quercus robur. Key Words: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, black alder forest, East Caucasus, epiphytic lichens, inventory, protected nature area, polypores, corticioid fungi, xylobionts, Donkia pulcherrima. | |||||
| 36947 | Kolesnykov I. & Kabar A. (2023): Taxonomic diversity of lichens of a protected area in an industrial city (as an example of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine). - EUREKA: Life Sciences, 4/2023: 55–64. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2023.003069. The aim of this study is to inventory the taxonomic diversity of lichens in the territory of the protected area of local importance "Novokodatskyi Park" located within the large industrial city of Dnipro (Dnipro region, Ukraine), taking into account the data of automated air monitoring. Along with the development of instrumental methods for studying the state of environmental components, biological monitoring is also relevant. After all, living organisms, namely their taxonomic diversity, number and its dynamics, etc., are integral indicators of the state of the environment. Numerous species of organisms are widely used as biomonitors of air pollution, the most famous of which are lichens, as it has been found that with an increase in the content of pollutants in the air, bushy, then leafy and finally scaling forms of lichens first disappear. Numerous studies have also shown a correlation between the number of lichen species and increased concentrations of pollutants in the air. The city of Dnipro is one of the largest industrial cities in Ukraine and has a high level of technogenic load. There are 10 industrial facilities of national and regional significance within the city of Dnipro, which are included in the List of the most environmentally hazardous facilities, and the largest metallurgical enterprises are concentrated in the Novokodatskyi district of Dnipro. During the survey of the territory of the Novokodatskyi Park, a nature reserve of local importance, 10 species of lichens from 6 families were registered. Let’s believe that the study of the taxonomic diversity of the lichen biota of large industrial cities and other settlements is a promising area of research in terms of lichen indication. After all, in this case, lichen diversity is an integral indicator, and the results obtained are quite clear. Keywords: lichen, lichens diversity, lichen indication, bioindication, biomonitoring, ecological indicator, industrial city, air pollution, air quality, urban area. | |||||
| 36946 | Poleva J.L. & Polev M.D. (2024): «Lace Miracle», lichens as an indicator of the ecological situation using the example of Turkey Creek, Florida. - Ecology and Noospherology, 35(1): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.15421/032411. In this article, we took a walk-exploration of a piece of paradise called Turkey Creek in the center of Florida. Enjoying the spring period of the awakening of nature, accompanied by a multitude of birds and other unique sounds of the inhabitants of Turkey Creek, we paid special attention to the diversity of lichens, which, as bioindicators, react and reflect the state and quality of the environment. Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution and die when there is a high content of carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen and fluorine. The degree of sensitivity varies among species, so they can be used as living indicators of environmental cleanliness. Based on the composition of lichens, the concentration of various pollutants in the air can be quantified using developed scales and formulas. Lichens are a unique group of lower plants. Lichens combine two organisms with opposite properties: an alga (usually green), which creates organic matter through the process of photosynthesis, and a fungus that consumes this substance. Lichens are characterized by fairly high tolerance to climatic factors and sensitivity to environmental pollutants and are widely used as environmental indicators. Lichens contain many macro- and microelements, organic acids, hormones and enzymes. Vitamins are produced by lichens in very small quantities. Lichens produce specific substances that are not found in other organisms (lichen starch, lichen acids, etc.). Lichens have the ability to extract various elements from the environment and accumulate in their thallus. The number of currently known lichen substances exceeds 250, of which 75 are found only in lichens. Lichens are indicators of the environmental situation. Our goal is to find out whether recreational load affects the state of the environment in people’s recreation areas. We carried out our study of the state of the environment in the state of Florida in the Turkey Creek natural park. This territory was chosen because the natural complexes of the area are characterized by high environment-forming, environmental, and recreational significance. In the last decade, the anthropogenic load on ecosystems associated with the recreational use of the territory has been increasing. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the types of lichens that were seen in the study area. Keywords: Turkey Creek, biomonitoring, bioindicators, bottom fauna, lichens, ecology, biodiversity. | |||||
| 36945 | Us D., Kara A., Ünal Bülbül E., Akıncıoğlu H., Aslan A. & Taşkın M. (2023): Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some lichens. - Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 44(3): 418–429. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.1317923. This study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts from five lichen species: Polycauliona candelaria (Syn. Xanthoria candelaria), Nephromopsis chlorophylla (Syn. Cetraria chlorophylla), Circinaria calcarea (Syn. Aspicilia calcarea), Bryoria capillaris (Syn. Alectoria cana), and Peltigera canina (Syn. Dermatodea canina). Antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar disc diffusion method, while minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the micro-well dilution method. Among the lichen species, methanol extract of Circinaria calcarea exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, with a 15 mm zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. It also demonstrated the lowest MIC value (31.25 μg/mL) against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli were the most sensitive microorganisms to lichens. Various antioxidant determination methods were employed to assess the antioxidant activities of the lichens, including ferric ion (Fe+3) reduction capacity, cupric ion (Cu+2) reduction capacity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity, DMPD radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity using the bipyridyl reagent. All lichens exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, particularly in metal chelating activity using the bipyridyl reagent. Peltigera canina demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity among the studied lichen species across most of the applied method. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Lichen. | |||||
| 36944 | Happitiya H.A.D.N.N., Nanayakkara C.M., Ariyawansa K.G.S.U., Ediriweera S.S., Wijayawardene N.N., Jayasinghe R.P.P.K., Dai D.-Q. & Karunarathna S.C. (2023): Antibacterial activities of lichen-associated fungi in mangrove ecosystems in Sri Lanka as potent candidates for novel antibiotic agents. - In: Proceedings of SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities, 1-2 December, Colombo, p. 397–403, Colombo, Sri Lanka. . Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to humans, prompting an increasing interest in exploring and developing novel antimicrobial substances derived from diverse sources. Together with the emergence of new diseases the search for novel drug leads has intensified. Less explored microbial habitats have become prime targets in mining for novel antimicrobial molecules. Secondary metabolites synthesized by lichen-associated fungi are good potential targets in this regard. Hence, this study was carried out to explore the antibacterial potential of lichen-associated fungi in mangrove ecosystems by taking National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) Regional Research Centre, Kalpitiya, Puttalam District, Sri Lanka as the study site. Lichen-associated fungi were isolated from collected lichens by plating out surface sterilized lichen thalli pieces Antibacterial activities of the isolates were tested using two gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and two gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In this study, 72 putative fungal isolates were primarily screened for their antibacterial activity using agar plug diffusion assay and ethyl acetate crude fungal extracts of nine fungal isolates with marked activity were secondarily screened using the well diffusion assay in triplicate. Isolate LIF 0803 identified as Trichosporon faecale showed the most outstanding antibacterial activities as 2.58 ± 0.29, 3.43 ± 0.05, 4.2 ± 0, 4.5 ± 0.14 cm of zone diameter at 100 mg/mL and 1.95 ± 0.59, 3.08 ± 0.13, 3.7 ± 0.12, 4.3 ± 0.19 cm of zone diameter at 50 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. coli. All nine fungal isolates showed promising antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and negative bacteria. Therefore, this study showed that lichen-associated fungi in mangrove ecosystems have potent antibacterial activities. Hence, bioassay guided fractionation of active compounds from lichen-associated fungi and structure elucidation are warranted. Keywords: Antibacterial agents; Broad spectrum antibiotics, Mangrove ecosystem; Secondary metabolites; Trichosporon faecale. | |||||
| 36943 | Мелехин А.В. [Melekhin A.V.] (2015): Новые для Мурманской области и ее биогеографических районов виды лишайников [Lichen species new to the Murmansk Oblast and its biogeographical regions]. - Вестник Кольского научного центра Российской академии наук [Herald of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 4/2015: 73–81. . [in Russian] Rhizocarpon intersitum reported new the the area of Murmansk (Kola Peninsula), and additional 81 lichen records are listed | |||||
| 36942 | Taylor J.A., Fourie T., Powell M. & Chianella I. (2023): Evidence for some antimicrobial properties of English churchyard lichens. - Access Microbiology, 5: 000536.v4 [11 p.]. DOI 10.1099/acmi.0.000536.v4. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has driven the need for novel antibiotics. Our investigations have focussed on lichens as they naturally produce a wide range of unique and very effective defence chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the antimicrobial properties of ten common British churchyard lichens. The lichen material was sampled from ten species, namely Caloplaca flavescens, Diploicia canescens, Cladonia fimbriata, Psilolechia lucida, Lecanora campestris subsp. Campestris, Lecanora sulphurea, Pertusaria amara f.amara, Lepraria incana, Porpidia tuberculosa and Xanthoria calcicola. Crude acetone extracts of these lichens were tested against six bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and two fungi (Trichophyton interdigitale and Aspergillus flavus) by the disc-diffusion susceptibility test method. Extracts of Diploicia canescens, Psilolechia lucida, Lecanora sulphurea, Pertusaria amara and Lepraria incana showed clear inhibition of the Gram-positive bacteria tested (S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, L. plantarum). Diploicia canescens, Pertusaria amara and Lepraria incana extracts also inhibited the dermatophyte fungi tested. The Lepraria incana sample tested here was the only extract that showed activity against any of the Gram-negative bacteria tested; it showed inhibition of Pseudomnas aeruginosa. Overall, our results showed that crude extracts of Diploicia canescens and Pertusaria amara had the most potent antimicrobial activity of all the extracts tested. Our results are in general agreement with published findings elsewhere. The activity of the Porpidia tuberculosa margin sample being different from that of the main colony material was an interesting and new finding reported here for the first time. Keywords: lichens; antimicrobial; secondary metabolites; Diploicia canescens; Pertusaria amara. | |||||
| 36941 | Karmacharya N., Upreti D.K. & Chettri M.K. (2022): Distribution pattern of corticolous lichens in different areas of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. - Banko Janakari, 32(2): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v32i2.50892. This study attempts to document the lichen species and their distribution in different areas of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Twenty sampling sites with different degrees of air pollution categorized as disturbed (industrial, heavy traffic and residential areas) and undisturbed areas (clean area) were selected for the study. Sampling was done using the quadrat method. To enumerate the total number of lichen species found in Kathmandu valley, lichen specimens were collected from inside as well as outside the quadrats. A total of 97 species of corticolous lichens belonging to 21 families and 44 genera were recorded from the study sites. Parmeliaceae was the largest family followed by Graphidaceae. The importance value analysis showed that Candelaria concolor (115.2), Dirinaria aegialita, Lepraria sp., Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula and Physcia sorediosa (106.02) are the most common and dominant lichen species in Kathmandu valley. Among the most common and dominant lichen species, Candelaria concolor, Dirinaria aegialita, Phaeophyscia hispidula var. hispidula and Physcia sorediosa were found concentrated in heavy traffic areas whereas Lepraria sp. in the industrial areas. A higher number of lichen species (70%) was recorded in undisturbed areas than in disturbed areas (50%). These study confirm that the distribution of lichen flora is strongly influenced by degrees of pollution. This in turn suggests that lichens can be used as bio indicators of air quality in the Kathmandu valley. Keywords: Coverage, flora, importance value, pollution, quadrat. | |||||
| 36940 | Suharno S., Hasifa H. & Sufaati S. (2024): Using the diversity of lichens in Maribu Forest Area, West Sentani District, Jayapura Regency as a baseline data on environmental changes. - Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 18(1): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.v18i1.7850. Lichens are thallophytes, capable of absorbing water, nutrients, and chemical compounds in the air, which led to their application as bio-indicators of air quality. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the abundance and diversity of lichens in the Maribu Village, West Sentani District, Jayapura Regency. This research used the exploration method by tracing the observation paths for vegetation and the presence of lichens. This research established three observation stations with three observation plots of 5 m × 5 m in each station. The obtained samples were identified in the Biology Laboratory of FMIPA Cenderawasih University. This research identified 14 tree species belonging to 12 families and 22 species of lichens belonging to 10 families in the observation plots. Phlyctis argena (39 colonies) and Cryptothecia striata (32 colonies) had the highest colony and fell in the 'very common' category, with the diversity index value (H') of 2.79, which was in the medium category status. The results became the first recorded data in the lowland areas of Papua and could become a baseline for further research. Keywords: bioindicator; diversity; lichens; Maribu Village; Jayapura Regency. | |||||
| 36939 | Tina-Picaza P.L.D. & Picaza R.R. (2023): Identification and diversity of lichen species in Lake Leonard, New Leyte, Maco, Davao de Oro Province. - East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(7): 2967–2982. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i7.4847. This study aimed to collect, classify, and identify lichens found in Lake Leonard, New Leyte, Maco, and Davao de Oro Province. Field surveys and sample collection were carried out through the transect walk method. The lichen species were collected using a knife and then placed inside resealable plastic bags. The collected specimens were air dried and then placed on herbarium packets with detailed taxonomic information. The collected specimens were preserved. Out of thirty-five (35) specimens collected, Thirty-three (33) species of lichens were identified. Nineteen (19) genera and twelve (12) families, namely: Pertusariaceae, Physciaceae, Parmeliaceae, Collemataceae, Graphidaceae, Cladoniaceae, Teloschistaceae, Coccocarpiaceae, Ramalinaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Thelotremataceae, and Stereocaulaceae. Most of the collected species in the study area were rare (73%). Only a few were found widespread in the study area. This result could serve as baseline data for the management of the lichen ecosystem in the area. Keywords: Lichens, Transect Walk, Lake Leonard. | |||||
| 36938 | Пыстина Т.Н., Семенова Н.А., Кулюгина Е.Е. & Плюснин С.Н. [Pystina T.N., Semenova N.A., Kulyugina E.E. & Plyusnin S.N.] (2023): Лишайники бассейна реки Васъяха (Югорский полуостров, Ненецкий автономный округ) [Lichens of the Vasyakha River catchment (Yugra Peninsula, Nenets Autonomous District]. - Труды Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук [Trudy Karel’skogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk / Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 2023/5: 5–17. DOI: 10.17076/bg1734. [in Russian with English abstract: ] The territory of the Yugra Peninsula is poorly studied in terms of lichenology. Having processed the specimens of lichens collected during the geobotanical survey in the south-western part of the peninsula (Pay-Khoy Ridge, Vasyakha River catchment) in 2010, we prepared an annotated list of lichens including 154 species. It contains information on the places where the lichens were found, on the occurrence and attachment of lichens to various types of substrate. Ninety species are reported for the first time for the Yugra Peninsula and 33 for the Nenets Autonomous District. Three rare species (Cetraria laevigata, Hypogymnia subobscura, Dactylina arctica) have been identified. These species are listed in the Red Data Book of the Nenets Autonomous District and Appendix 3 thereto. The incompleteness of the collections, high paludification of the territory and transformation of the tundra vegetation caused by overgrazing by reindeer herds are the reasons for the low diversity of the lichen species composition. The lichenological studies should be continued in this remote and poorly studied region of the European sector of the Arctic. Keywords: Cetraria laevigata; Hypogymnia subobscura; Dactylina arctica; lichen biota; new findings; rare species; Pay-Khoy Ridge. | |||||
| 36937 | Manojlović A., Khalid A.N., Usman M., Stefanović O., Đukić N., Manojlović N. & Tomović J. (2024): Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm effects of a new Himalayan lichen Placidium deosaiense Usman and Khalid growing in Pakistan. - International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(20):11203 [17 p.]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011203. Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant effects of a newly described Himalayan lichen Placidium deosaiense Usman and Khalid growing in Pakistan were investigated. HPLC–DAD methods were used for identification of secondary metabolites in acetone and methanol extracts. The total phenolics content was measured using a spectrophotometric method. The study investigated the antioxidant (DPPH-scavenging activity assay and reducing-power assay), antibacterial (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)), and antibiofilm (inhibition of biofilm formation and reduction in mature biofilm) activities of extracts of the lichen P. deosaiense and isolated parietin. The chemical constituents olivetol, olivetolic acid, haematommic acid, fallacinol, and parietin were identified as major compounds in the tested extracts of the lichen. Parietin was isolated from the acetone extract on a separation column. The methanol extract had higher values of TPC (21.67 mg GAE/g) than the acetone extract. Isolated parietin showed the best antioxidant activity measures, according to the DPPH-scavenging activity assay (IC50 = 51.616 μg/mL) and reducing-power assay. Although the extracts showed the best antibacterial activity (especially against Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453), parietin demonstrated superior antibiofilm activity (especially against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). This is the first report on the phytochemical composition of the lichen Placidium deosaiense and the first description of the chemical composition of some of the 45 species of the genus Placidium. This research will pave the way for further exploration of new activities of this lichen and its metabolites, which are important for medicine and pharmacy. Keywords: Placidium deosaiense; phytochemical analysis; antimicrobial; antibiofilm; antioxidant. | |||||
| 36936 | Kantvilas G. (2024): A new combination for Parmelia protosignifera, an overlooked species of Notoparmelia. - Opuscula Philolichenum, 23: 17–19. . The new combination Notoparmelia protosignifera is proposed for Parmelia protosignifera. The species is illustrated and discussed briefly. Kezwords. – Australia, biodiversity, lichens, Parmelia, Parmeliaceae, Tasmania. | |||||
| 36935 | Ежкин А.К. & Романюк Ф.А. [Ezhkin A.K. & Romanyuk F.A.] (2024): Лишайники восточного склона вулкана Берутарубе, о. Итуруп (Южные Курильские острова, Дальний Восток России) [Lichens of the eastern slope of Berutarube volcano, Iturup Island (the Kuril Islands, Far East of Russia)]. - Геосистемы переходных зон [Geosistemy perehodnykh zon = Geosystems of Transition Zones], 8(3): 219–227. https://doi.org/10.30730/gtrz.2024.8.3.219-227. [in Russian with English abstract: ] The paper presents an annotated list of lichens of the eastern slope of Berutarube volcano, one of the most inaccessible and poorly studied active volcanoes on Iturup Island. Samples of lichens were collected in August 2023 from eroded areas in the summit part of the volcano, as well as on the eastern slope along the Andrey Creek, in the upper reaches of which unnamed cold acidic springs discharge. In total, 53 species of lichens were identified from the sampling sites, of which 20 species were new to Iturup Island, 2 species were new to the Kuril Islands, and 1 species was new to the Sakhalin region. In the summit part of the volcano, lichens typical for areas of volcanic activity were identified: Cladonia crispata, Cladonia straminea, Huea confluens, Lecidea plana, Melanelia stygia, Pseudephebe pubescens, Rhizocarpon badioatrum, and Umbilicaria torrefacta. The influence of the solfataric gases of the volcano on the lichen biota of the Andrey Creek valley has not been revealed, which allows us to make the assumption that there is no direct influence of the products of the solfataric activity of Berutarube volcano on the natural environment of its eastern slopes. Keywords: solfataric activity, lichens, tolerant species, biodiversity, Northeast Asia. | |||||
| 36934 | Ларина О.А. & Смирнова Е.С. [Larina O.A. & Smirnova E.S.] (2022): Анализ видового состава лишайников сосново-березового леса в окрестностях озера Большой Кызыкуль (Минусинский район, Красноярский край) [The analysis of specific structure of lichens of the pine and birch wood in the neighborhood of Big Kyzykul Lake (Minusinsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai)]. - Самарский научный вестник [Samara Journal of Science], 11(4): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2022114109. [in Russian with English abstract: ] The paper presents a multidimensional analysis of pine-birch forest lichens in the vicinity of Big Kyzykul Lake (Minusinsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai). The studies on the species composition of lichens were conducted from 2013 to 2016. The material was collected in the summer and autumn months by the route method. Based on the authors’ own collections, the species composition of lichens was determined for the first time, including 46 species from 22 genera and 11 families. The paper presents a list of lichen species of the study area with the indication of the Russian and Latin names, families to which they belong, life forms, ecological groups, the substrate the species grew on as well as the years of collection. The systematic analysis has determined a predominance of the families Parmeliaceae and Cladoniaceae, and genera – Cladonia, Hypogymnia, Usnea, Physcia. The analysis of life forms has showed a predominance of bushy (20 species) and leafy (17 species) lichens. The ecological analysis has revealed a predominance of mesophyte lichens (37 species). The substrate analysis has showed a dominance of a group of epiphytes (32 species), which mainly settle on the base, trunks and branches of pine. In total, 4 forophytes have been identified in the study area – Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Populus tremula. The forophytes like the Picea abies and the Populus tremula in the vicinity of Big Kyzykul Lake are represented by single young specimens, in this regard, and epiphytic lichens on them are insignificant. Keywords: lichens; species composition; birch-pine forest; epilitis; epigeic; epiphytes; vital form; ecological groups; forophyte; Big Kyzykul Lake; Krasnoyarsk Krai. | |||||
| 36933 | Рахимова Е.В., Аметов А.А. & Мырзахан А.Д. [Rakhimova E.V., Ametov A.A. & Myrzakhan A.D.] (2024): Изучение разнообразия лишайников хребта Чулак [Studying of the lichens diversity in the Сhulak ridge]. - Experimental Biology, 99(2): 15–26. https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2024.v99.i2.02. [in Russian with English abstract: ] There is practically no information about the lichens of the Chulak ridge, despite the fact that they have a significant biomass and are one of the essential components of most plant communities. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the diversity of lichens on the territory of the Chulak ridge and analyze data on their distribution. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in obtaining data on the diversity of lichens, which serve as indicators of soil types, rocks and other natural phenomena that are useful to humans. The material for the article was the authors’ own collections conducted in 2022-2023 and stored in the herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction. The preparation of lichen preparations, their study and identification were carried out according to the standard methodology. The samples were studied using a Levenhuk MED D45T LSD light microscope. A list of lichen species is provided, indicating the substrate and the coordinates of the collection. 22 species of lichens belonging to three classes have been found on the territory of the Chulak ridge. The class Candelariomycetes is represented by one order, one family of the same name, and two species. The class Eurotiomycetes is also not numerous: only two species from the order Verrucariales and the family Verrucariaceae. The largest class of Lecanoromycetes is represented by 7 orders, 8 families, 14 genera and 18 species. Most of the identified species (14 species, 63.6% of the total number of species) are confined to stones and outcrops of basic rocks. Only 1 species (4.5%) was found on mosses. Three species (13.6%) were observed on the bark of twigs of Atraphaxis sp. and branches of Cerasus tianshanica. Five species (22.7%) are found on the soil, and two can exist as free-living, and Scytinium palmatum can also live on stones. The species Xanthoria elegans and Protoparmeliopsis muralis are most often noted in the research area. Two species Scytinium palmatum and Anaptychia roemeri were found for the first time in Kazakhstan. The value and practical significance of the conducted research lies in obtaining data on the species composition of lichens, their distribution and their association with different types of substrates. Key words: Desert lowlands, lichen biota, lichen manna, substrate association of lichens. | |||||
| 36932 | Wong E.L.Y., Valim H.F. & Schmitt I. (2024): Genome-wide differentiation corresponds to climatic niches in two species of lichen-forming fungi. - Environmental Microbiology, 26(10): e16703 [16 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16703. Lichens can withstand fluctuating environmental conditions such as hydration-desiccation cycles. Many species distribute across climate zones, suggesting population-level adaptations to conditions such as freezing and drought. Here, we aim to understand how climate affects population genomic patterns in lichenized fungi. We analysed population structure along elevational gradients in closely related Umbilicaria phaea (North American; two gradients) and Umbilicaria pustulata (European; three gradients). All gradients showed clear genomic breaks splitting populations into low-elevation (Mediterranean zone) and high-elevation (cold temperate zone). A total of 3301 SNPs in U. phaea and 138 SNPs in U. pustulata were driven to fixation between the two ends of the gradients. The difference between the species is likely due to differences in recombination rate: the sexually reproducing U. phaea has a higher recombination rate than the primarily asexually reproducing U. pustulata. Cline analysis revealed allele frequency transitions along all gradients at approximately 0°C, coinciding with the transition between the Mediterranean and cold temperate zones, suggesting freezing is a strong driver of population differentiation. Genomic scans further confirmed temperature-related selection targets. Both species showed similar differentiation patterns overall, but different selected alleles indicate convergent adaptation to freezing. Our results enrich our knowledge of fungal genomic functions related to temperature and climate, fungal population genomics, and species responses to environmental heterogeneity. | |||||
| 36931 | Vondrák J., Košnar J., Svoboda S., Palice Z., Šoun J., Kubásek J., Říha P., Malíček J., Rydlo J. & Hofmeister J. (2025): Ghost species form an important component of the epiphytic lichens in temperate forests
. - Forest Ecosystems, 12: 100254 [9 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100254. Sequencing of environmental samples has great potential for biodiversity research, but its application is limited by the lack of reliable DNA barcode databases for species identifications. Such a database has been created for epiphytic lichens of Europe, allowing us to compare the results of environmental sequencing with standard taxonomic surveys. The species undetected by taxonomic surveys (what we term the ghost component) amount to about half of the species actually present in hectare plots of Central European forests. Some of these, which currently occur only as diaspores or weakly developed thalli, are likely to be favoured in the course of global change. The ghost component usually represents a larger fraction in managed forests than in old-growth unmanaged forests. The total species composition of different plots is much more similar than suggested by taxonomic surveys alone. On a regional scale, this supports the well-known statement that “everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects”. Keywords: Biodiversity; DNA barcode; ITS; Environmental sampling; Global change; Lichen; Mitochondrial SSU; Taxonomic survey. | |||||
| 36930 | Pinault P., Roux C. & Diederich P. (2024): Briancoppinsia cytospora, champignon lichénicole non lichénisé coelomycète (Ascomycota, Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae). - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 141–144. . Conidiogenesis of Briancoppinsia cytospora, a non-lichenized coelomycete lichenicolous fungus (Ascomycota, Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae).— Detailed description of the conidiogenesis of a specimen of Briancoppinsia cytospora parasitic on a thallus of Evernia prunastri on which it does not induce galls. Contrary to what was previously accepted, the conidiogenesis of Briancoppinsia is holoblastic, with proliferation. This observation was confirmed in two other specimens of Briancoppinsia (one parasitic on Evernia prunastri, the other on Flavoparmelia caperata). The genera Epicladonia and Briancoppinsia are not distinguished by their conidiogenesis but by their pycnidial wall and the shape of their conidiogenous cell which is calcaneal in Briancoppinsia. | |||||
| 36929 | Roux C., Brien Y., Diederich P. & Poumarat S. (2024): Zwackhiomyces bagliettoanus Brien, Cl. Roux, P. Diederich et Poumarat sp. nov.. - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 151–156. . Description of a new species of non – lichenized lichenicolous fungus, Zwackhiomyces bagliettoanus Brien, Cl. Roux et P. Diederich, parasite on the thallus of Toniniopsis bagliettoana. Comparison of this new species with the other known Zwackhiomyces, in particular with Z. socialis in which it was until now included. | |||||
| 36928 | Roux C. & Pinault P. (2024): Corticifraga melanohaleae P. Pinault et Cl. Roux sp. nov., champignon lichénicole non lichénisé (Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae). - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 145–150. . Corticifraga melanohaleae P. Pinault et Cl. Roux sp. nov., non-lichenized lichenicolous fungus (Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae).— Description of the new species Corticifraga melanohaleae P. Pinault and Cl. Roux sp. nov., close to C. ramalinae in particular by its spores (0)3 – septate, but which differs mainly by its parasitism on the thallus of Melanohalea exasperata, by its more prominent apothecia and with a thicker and fairly prominent rim, by its thinner eruginous epithecium (18 – 36 μm thick) and its more elongated subcylindrical or cylindrical spores of (19)21·5 – 26·3 – 31(37·5) × (2·5)3 – 3·5– 4(4·5) μm, with a length to width ratio of (5)6 – 7·5 – 9(11·6), and rounded ends. | |||||
| 36927 | Roux C. & Poumarat S. [avec a collab. de Magain N., Lebreton É., Uriac P. & Esnault J.] (2024): Quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de Squamarina (Stereocaulaceae, Lecanorales) de France. - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 79–140. . : Some new or little–known species of Squamarina (Stereocaulaceae, Lecanorales) from France.— Delimitation of the genus Squamarina. Detailed and illustrated description of six new species of Squamarina belonging to the group of Squamarina cartilaginea: four saxicolous–calcicolous (Squamarina calesensis Cl. Roux et Poumarat, S. clauzadei Cl. Roux et Poumarat sp. nov. (syn. S. oleosa sensu auct. non (Zahlbr.) Poelt), S. confusa Cl. Roux et Poumarat sp. nov. and S. paradoxa Cl. Roux et Poumarat sp. nov.), one saxicole–calcifuge (S. brunneola Poumarat et Cl. Roux sp. nov.), one terricolous–calcicolous (S. terricola Cl. Roux et Poumarat sp. nov.). A new species ad int. from Algeria is mentioned in an Appendix. Two new combinations are proposed, S. dufourii (Fr) Cl. Roux et Poumarat comb. nov. and S. pseudocrassa (Mattick) Cl. Roux et Poumarat comb. nov. (the latter in the Appendix), for each of which a neotype is chosen. All these species are compared with S. cartilaginea, of which a detailed and illustrated description is also given. Three new varieties are proposed (S. clauzadei var. microspora Cl. Roux et Poumarat var. nov., S. confusa var. latispora Cl. Roux et Poumarat var. nov. and S. confusa var. parvispora Cl. Roux et Poumarat var. nov.). S. oleosa, very different from S. clauzadei, does not exist in France. Key to the determination of Squamarina of France (in Esperanto and French). | |||||
| 36926 | Roux C., Poumarat S., Aïtelli M., Méric J.-C. & Bertrand M. (2024): Lichénologie dans le massif des Cèdres à Bonnieux et à Puget (84), le 14 octobre 2023. - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 18–30. . France; Report on an lichenological excursion with illustrative photodocumentation of 18 recorded taxa (17 lichens and 1 lichenicolous fungus), among else of Leprocaulon pseudocalcicola ad. int., Squamarina stella-petraeae or Lecanora strobilina. | |||||
| 36925 | Gueidan C. & Roux C. (2024): Typification de Verrucaria calciseda DC., champignon lichénisé (Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae). - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 193–195. . | |||||
| 36924 | Roux C. et al. (2024): Additions à la 3e édition du Catalogue des lichens de France (4). Changements nomenclaturaux importants et liste commentée des espèces et taxons infraspécifiques nouvellement trouvés en France (du 2023/09/20 au 2024/09/19). - Bulletin de Association Française de Lichénologie, 75: 157–192. . | |||||
| 36923 | Ward D.A., Adhikari S., Struwig M., Skikne S., Fryday A., Smith D. & Rajakaruna N. (2024): Lichen morphospecies diversity and community composition across the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa
. - South African Journal of Botany, 174: 978–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.003. The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa has no previously published data on its lichen biota, which reflects the broader status of lichenology in South Africa. It is estimated that nearly half of the country's lichen species remain undescribed. Consequently, this study aimed to gather baseline data on lichen diversity and distribution across the reserve. We quantified morphological and functional diversity, characterized lichen communities, and analyzed relationships between lichen diversity and environmental variables (northness, coverage, elevation, insolation, site, substrate type, and substrate texture) using morphospecies concepts. We documented 49 morphospecies across three habitats in the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, including at least one species that is new to science (Caloplaca tswaluensis Fryday, S. Svoboda & D. A. Ward; Fryday et al. in press) and another (Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneid.) that had not previously been reported from Africa. Overall, we recorded lower diversity in corticolous (bark dwelling) lichen communities compared to saxicolous (rock dwelling) lichen communities. However, we did not find a significant effect of any measured environmental variable on saxicolous species richness. This preliminary study underscores the need for further investigation of the diverse, unrecorded lichen diversity that likely exists in other areas of the country as well as the differences in lichen communities on bark and rock substrates. This study also shows that morphospecies concepts can be informative and accessible approaches for exploratory lichen studies, particularly in regions with relatively understudied cryptogam communities. Keywords: Arid environments; Saxicolous and corticolous lichens; Cryptogams ;Functional traits; Substrate; Morphological diversity. | |||||
| 36922 | Kosecka M. & Oset M. (2024): A shift in substrate requirement might cause speciation of the lichenized fungi, Varicellaria hemisphaerica and V. lactea (Pertusariales, Ascomycota). - Scientific Reports, 14: 23514 [12 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74937-w. Proper species recognition is required to correctly estimate species preferences and their vulnerability or for eco-evolutionary inference. Varicellaria hemisphaerica and Varicellaria lactea are almost completely morphologically homogeneous species with unclear identification features. To evaluate the importance of morphological, chemical, and ecological characteristics used in recognition of these species, we tested 670 specimens, of which 42 were analyzed phylogenetically using nucITS rDNA, SSU rDNA, and LSU rDNA markers. This integrated taxonomical approach showed that V. hemisphaerica is distinct from V. lactea, and that substrate requirements, together with phylogenetic differences and the size of soredia, differentiate these species. The chemical composition of secondary lichen metabolites in both analyzed species showed similar variation and, therefore, this feature is not diagnostic in species recognition, although suggested by previous studies. The potential speciation of the two species seems to be caused by the shift in the substrate requirements. Keywords: Climatic conditions, Habitat requirements, Varicellariaceae, Secondary metabolites, Semi-cryptic species. | |||||
| 36921 | Biswas S., Daimari R., Islary P., Nayaka S., Upreti D.K. & Sarma P.K. (2022): Pyrenula chlorospila (Nyl.) Arnold (Pyrenulaceae), a new addition to lichen biota of India. - Check List, 18(4): 773–777. https://doi.org/10.15560/18.4.773. Climatic conditions and physical features of the Eastern Himalayan region encompasses a rich diversity of lichen biota. However, the region’s lichens are still far from extensively explored. Here, we study the genus Pyrenula Ach. from the Dhubri district of Assam in North-East India. Twelve species of Pyrenula have been recorded, of which one of the species, P. chlorospila (Nyl.) Arnold, is a newly reported from India. Morphotaxonomic comments on this species, emphasizing its distribution, are provided. Keywords: New record, North-East India, taxonomy. | |||||
| 36920 | Haq M.U., Reshi Z.A. & Upreti D.K. (2019): Three new records of lichenised fungi from India. - Check List, 15(3): 461–464. https://doi.org/10.15560/15.3.461. Three lichen species, namely Amandinea errata and Baculifera xylophila, belonging to family Caliciaceae, and Baeomyces rufus, of family Baeomycetaceae, are newly reported for the Indian lichen biota. A brief morphotaxonomic description of each species, along with their ecology and distribution, is also provided. Keywords: Crustose lichen, Kashmir Himalaya, Sinthan. | |||||
| 36919 | Michlig A. & Benatti M.N. (2017): Range extension of Relicina subabstrusa (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Argentina and its distribution pattern in the Neotropics. - Check List, 13(5): 461–466. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.5.461. Relicina subabstrusa is known from a few scattered records in the Neotropics. This species lacks any propagules and has a black lower surface and coronate apothecia. This paper extends the known distributional range of R. subabstrusa in Argentina and maps its geographic distribution in the Neotropics. Notes on similar taxa and an updated key for the identification of the Neotropical species of the genus are provided. Key words: Parmelioid lichens; norstictic acid; bulbate cilia; coronate apothecia. | |||||
| 36918 | Ramírez-Roncallo K., Gómez-Ramírez H. & Negritto M.A. (2020): New records of lichenized fungi in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. - Check List, 16(6): 1421–1431. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.6.1421. The lichen diversity of the Caribbean region of Colombia is one of the least known in the county. In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), whose forests are at risk of disappearing due to deforestation, 114 species of lichens have been recorded. We collected lichens at elevations from 500 to 2500 m on the northwestern slopes of the SNSM, and we report six genera and 19 species from this region for the first time. Our results highlight the importance of exploring new areas to enhance our knowledge of the lichens of SNSM and Colombia. Keywords: Coffee crops, epiphytic lichens, sub-Andean forest, Neotropics. | |||||
| 36917 | Sokoloff P.C., Srivastava A., McMullin R.T., Clarke J., Knightly P., Stepanova A., Mangeot A., Laroche C.-M., Beattie A. & Rupert S. (2024): An annotated checklist of the lichen biodiversity at two Mars analog sites: The Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, USA) and The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (Nunavut, Canada) recorded during the Mars 160 Mission. - Check List, 20(5): 1096–1126. https://doi.org/10.15560/20.5.1096. During the Mars 160 Mission in 2016 and 2017, crews at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, USA and the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) on Tallurutit (Devon Island), Nunavut, Canada, conducted a collections‑based survey of lichen biodiversity at each of these Martian planetary analogs. Here we present the results of these studies as two annotated checklists, including 35 lichen spe‑ cies from MDRS and 13 species from FMARS, alongside details on the distribution of these species, relevant taxonomic notes, and photos of each species as an identification aid. This work adds to our knowledge of the biodiversity of these unique sites and provides an important baseline for future analog research at these stations. Keywords: Devon Island, Floristics, Haughton Crater, Mars Society, Planetary Analog, San Rafael Swell. | |||||